A. Ghaffari , A. Khodayari , B. Gharehpapagh , S. Salehinia ,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
In this paper a control system has been designed to improve traffic conditions in car following maneuver.
There are different methods to design a control system. In this paper design approach is based on the Fuzzy
sliding mode control (FSMC) system. The aim of designing FSMC system is to achieve safe and desire
longitudinal distance and less lateral displacement. In order to control and obtain desired longitudinal and
lateral movements, suitable values of composite torque and steering angle is generated. At first to design of
FSMC system, a nonlinear dynamics model of vehicle with three degrees of freedom is presented and
validated with real traffic data. Then, the performance of the FSMC system has been evaluated by real car
following data. At the end, the simulation results of FSMC are compared with the first and second order
sliding mode control. Simulation result shows that performance of FSMC is better than sliding mode
control. Also by comparing between FSMC and real driver, it is shown that FSMC is much safer than a real
human driver in keeping the longitudinal distance and also the FSMC produces less lateral displacement in
the lateral movement too.
Mr. Mohammad Zarei-Jelyani, Mr. Amirhossein Salehi, Dr. Mohsen Babaiee, Dr. Mohammad Mohsen Loghavi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
The global transition towards renewable energy necessitates efficient energy storage solutions to address the intermittency of renewable sources. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), widely utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) for their high energy density and efficiency, yet their performance at low temperatures remains a challenge. This study investigates the influence of electrolyte solvent composition on LIB performance under low-temperature conditions. Three electrolytes were studied: a standard electrolyte (STDE) comprising 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC), a low-temperature electrolyte (LTE) consisting of 1 M LiPF6 in EC, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and ethyl acetate (EA), and a long-cycle-life electrolyte (LCLE) containing 1 M LiPF6 in EC/EMC. The EIS results revealed significant differences in resistance values among the electrolytes at varying temperatures. Specifically, at 0 °C, the STDE exhibited a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 1055.3 Ω and a solid electrolyte interface resistance (RSEI) of 803.4 Ω, whereas the LTE showed a substantially lower Rct of 507.4 Ω and RSEI of 64.2 Ω, indicating superior low-temperature performance. Similarly, at -20 °C, the Rct values for STDE, LTE, and LCLE were 8878.6 Ω, 854.2 Ω, and 15622 Ω, respectively, with corresponding RSEI values of 172.1 Ω, 92.4 Ω, and 2364 Ω. Notably, the addition of EA in the LTE formulation contributed to enhanced low-temperature performance, likely by lowering the overall viscosity of the electrolyte mixture and improving ionic mobility. This study demonstrates the critical role of solvent composition, particularly EA, in optimizing LIB performance for cold climate applications.
