M. Montazerolhodjah, M. Pourjafar, A. Taghvaee,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (6-2015)
Abstract
The increasing rate of urbanization and rate of population growth over the 20th century has led to various problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of open and green spaces that have affected the cities and their citizen's life. This condition has led to increasing demands for more land use, homes, and work places, more public transport and mass transit systems and modern infrastructure, so new approaches must be found to better utilize space available. Considered use of underground space creates new methods for solving these challenges. The urban underground spaces have great untapped potentials. If these potentials are managed correctly, it would chip in considerably to the urban sustainable development. Nevertheless seeking of spaces and shelter within the earth is no new idea, man and animal alike have exploited the protective and insulative properties of the soil long before recorded history. During the history of communities have existed in areas all over the world including Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Ethiopia, China, North Africa, and the American Southwest, to name a few. Some of the best examples of man’s symbiotic relationship with nature are Nushabad in Kashan, Sāmen in Malayer and Kariz in Kish Island. These underground cities and Constructions offer many opportunities and lessons for underground development in contemporary cities. This study aims to discuss the ancient settlements of Nushabad, Sāmen and Kariz for their unique and creative underground space use and also explore the potential of developing underground spaces in order to achieving sustainable development . The basic hints of discussion are the physical geography and dominating forms of underground space use.
N. Khaleghi, F. Kovacs,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
Historically, access to water resources had always been a key issue in the formation and perpetuation of ancient cities, more importantly in the arid and semi-arid regions like the central plateau of Iran. Based on the environmental situations, Persian civilization considered ecological realities and social interaction of conservation and proper distribution of the water to sustain its availability to all the users. Thereupon, they succeeded in achieving a lasting solution to the problem of the shortage of water. To overcome the inevitable climate condition, Iranians developed unique water structures such as qanats.
However, as a consequence of modernization in the 20th century, the traditional water structures underwent considerable damage and were replaced by deep wells. These changes affected the groundwater supplies in turn and intensified the water crisis in Iran.
Focusing on its importance in the sustainable development, this paper aims to study the qanat system. Introducing Tehran University Qanat as a vivid example, the role of qanats in a sustainable urban development is elaborated. Based on the analysis, suggestions are brought forward for the rehabilitation of this qanat. The findings of this research are believed to raise the awareness about the role of qanats in the sustainable development.
M. Farhadian, S. Razzaghi Asl, H. Ghamari,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
The green hydroponics walls are among new kinds of building facades, which receive more attention from architects lately. In addition to the positive effect these walls have in maintaining humidity in arid regions, they also have positive thermal performance in both cold and hot weather conditions. Therefore, they are in the center of designers’ focus for public spaces such as schools. In terms of soil-free cultures, these walls are of three general types: wide, horizontal, and vertical. The use of different types of green walls in each zone allows for different thermal performance. This paper aims to investigate the thermal performance of hydroponic green walls in different facades of green school in term of thermal performance. Moreover, the present study only addresses green schools in cold climates. We conducted a simulation by using Energy Plus software with three different types of hydroponic green walls in Shahrekord city of Iran, which were monitored in 20 years" from2000 until2019".The thermal performance of each type was analyzed and compared with other samples. Finally, the best kind of green- hydroponics wall with the best thermal performance was identified for each wall.
Sara Sadeghian, Yasaman Nafezi, Saeideh Soltanmohammadlou, Amir Kianfar, Emily Irvin,
Volume 31, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Sustainable development is one of the important subjects in our world. It means supporting the needs of current populations without dangerous effects on the resources of future generations. This subject finds its vital role in different sciences. As an effort towards sustainable development goals (SDG), goals were defined by the United Nations organization (in the United Nations General Assembly) in 2015. This short-term agenda is to be implemented by 2030 and contains 17 goals centering climate change and environmental preservation and focusing on health, education, equality, economic growth. In this paper, two parks, Qeytariyeh Park and Niyavaran Park were studies in Northern Tehran, Iran according to SDG. The study was designed specifically around goal 11 and the application of sustainable development in cities. After a literature review of research, the parks were reviewed to trace their success as a public space according to the SDG point of view. Qualitative methods were used to investigate field observations and personal interviews with daily visitors of the parks selected randomly with small control over demographics of gender and age. The main aim of the paper is to find how much these parks be successful public space according to sustainable development standards and in the end, there are proposed solutions to solve the weakness of these case studies.
Mosleh Ahmadi, Mohammad Azad Ahmadi,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to review and categorize approaches and methods of facing urban light pollution. Probing various references and documents, the current practice focus on extracting and reviewing different types of urban light pollution detection, survey, and measurement to define a taxonomy of methods by instant comparison. The means of measurement and detecting this pollution include 14 most cited techniques which would be classified in four categories in this paper. These methods comprise ground-based survey, aerial survey, remote sensing, and city modeling. Finally, this paper represents a framework of the methods to show how and when they should be employed considering the pros and cons of each one of these methods. By creating a foundation of specialized arguments, this study helps researchers and urban designers to complete urban lighting research and design. In addition, it provides a base-information for the analysis of urban light pollution.
Sara Zohari, Saeed Azemati,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Energy saving is one of significant issues in achieving sustainable development. This study compares the energy consumption of rural houses using local materials and new ones in Gilan province, in order to investigate the effects of using local materials and techniques on reducing the amount of energy consumption. The present research method is quantitative, in which the means of study, observation and computer simulation is used. In this regard, the features of vernacular and new rural houses of sub-mountainous areas of Gilan are investigated. Case study focuses on two houses located in foothills of Gilan. Design builder software is used to compare the amount of energy consumption of vernacular housing methods and the newer ones. The results of this study clarify that the amount of energy required for heating is much higher than the energy needed for cooling in this region, so the main focus should be on reducing the amount of required energy for heating. Based on the results of simulation, walls and roof are more sensitive to heat exchange. Galipoosh roof have reasonable function in terms of energy consumption, while Darvarchin wall wastes more energy than new materials.
Leila Moghimi, Pirouz Hanachi, Somayeh Fadaei Nezhad Bahramjerdi,
Volume 34, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
One of the effective strategies for achieving sustainability and creating interaction between the “conservation and development of urban heritage” is to maintain “integrity” in historic cities. The definition of integrity, in relation to the definition of the special values of urban heritage, is important. Reviewing international conservation documents and conventions, as well as relevant theoretical perspectives, indicates that the evolution of the concept of integrity has been the result of both sources, with an emphasis on the principle of conservation and the conservation of heritage significances. It then becomes associated with the concept of “authenticity” in convey of significance, and ultimately aligns with the concept of sustainability and sustainable development in "conserving significance " and "transferring significance." The present study aims to explain and recognize the relationship between the concept of integrity and the sustainable conservation and development of urban heritage. Therefore, the approach of this research is fundamental, and the dominant strategy is content analysis, in order to provide a conceptual framework that, on the one hand, focuses on the concept of integrity and the conservation and convey of heritage significances over time, and on the other hand, ensures the secure and convey of significances to future generations through the concept of sustainability. Therefore, the concepts of "convey significance “and “conservation significance" are vital and essential in the process of sustainable conservation and development of urban heritage.
