International Journal of

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Since tectonic and stereotomic theories have neither been used systematically nor dealt with simultaneously for the interpretation of architecture, by explaining the theoretical position of critics and their thoughts, the process of their interaction will be more effective. The main questions asked is it possible to interpret architecture through the interaction of tectonic and stereotomical theories precisely? In this regard, research aimed to read and process the physical dimensions and spatial structure of Iranian architectural works in the post-revolutionary period based on the interaction of approaches of tectonic and stereotomical theories. The approach of the present research in terms of epistemology is interpretive with deductive reasoning strategy. Qualitative research was carried out with the help of library documentation and field studies in this paper. The findings of this study indicate that the approaches of tectonic and stereotomical theories, regardless of the architectural style, have affected the materials, elements, structure, and construction of the body and spatial configuration.  Furthermore, the interaction of the approaches of these two theories and, in other words, the non-algebraic sum of the approaches affected by the two theories on these components in both integrated and non-integrative forms can be perceived and received. Also, the maximum interaction in the selected architectural works was on the construction component, including a combination of symbolic body configuration of tectonic theory along with the symbolic configuration of stereotomical theory.

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This study aims to investigate how lighting design can be used as an environmental design feature within historic sites in cities to turn a space into a place through placemaking processes. Accordingly, the research question is: What artificial lighting design aspects need to be taken into account in historic sites within cities through a placemaking process? Naghshe-Jahan Square’s in Isfahan, Iran, is chosen as the case study as it is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This research uses ethnographic research methods as a qualitative research method for collecting data about the lighting scheme of Naghshe-Jahan Square. Based on the main aim of placemaking which is to Strengthen people’s connection with the public places they share in order to maximize shared value, this research uses two ethnographical techniques; behavior observation and semi structured interviews with the visitors of the historic site. Accordingly, people’s behaviors and interaction with the site and their opinions on how the lighting of the site makes them feel and facilitates their needs is collected. The findings of this study suggest that artificial lighting can positively influence turning historic sites to places at night-time and accordingly improve the quality of people’s lives in cities.

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Any scientific activity or instrumental application involving façades—such as research, design, evaluation, and decision-making—requires a comprehensive set of criteria to cover all expected requirements. This highlights the necessity of a study to explore, gather, and organize a holistic set of criteria for the evaluation, study, design, and decision-making regarding façades. Moreover, establishing a comprehensive list of criteria is essential but insufficient on its own. It is equally important to achieve a mutual understanding of these criteria, providing experts and researchers with a common language and understanding regarding façades. Although various criteria have been mentioned in different façade-related research, a summary study to gather, organize, and reliably define these criteria is needed to improve the logical applications of façades and facilitate mutual understanding. This study aims to take the first step in meeting this requirement by describing each criterion relevant to façade assessment. In this context, a systematic library-based research approach was employed, reviewing 71 related papers. Criteria were then extracted using an exploratory study based on open and axial coding methods. Ultimately, 42 criteria were identified and organized into five primary categories: environmental aspects, social impacts, economic aspects, efficiency and effectiveness, and technical aspects.