International Journal of

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The Holy Shrine of Imam RezaAS is one of the most important places in Iran in terms of religious and public beliefs. Huge volumes of pilgrims travel to the mentioned place, so the appropriated environmental and furniture design to increase the visitors' satisfaction is inevitable. In this regards, the main objective of this study is to identify an appropriated design for public water taps through the assessment of affecting factors in terms of the pilgrims’ satisfaction. Methods: In this survey, 400 volunteer pilgrims participated in our 5-scale Likert questionnaire. The gathered data were analysed by SPSSWin21 and Spearman test.Results: This study shows that there is a significant association between user satisfaction and public water taps' function (p = 0.00), however the participants were more satisfied with the technical aspects than the aesthetic ones. The users were not satisfied with the placing of water taps, pressure of water’s valve and local illumination in night time.Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of design considerations, construction and materials, location of public water fountains in the assessed courtyard of the Holy Shrine of Imam RezaAS to satisfy the pilgrims. Considering with Islamic architectural elements, appropriated form and style, color and material, perfect harmony affect on users. The modification of water fountain place in terms of dimension and local illumination are also important.

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Ergonomics as a multidisciplinary science is known as a human centered science that is concerned with human beings and their quality of life. In this regard, the integration between ergonomics and the concept of sustainability might culminate in higher levels of quality of life. In terms of research methodology, this article is a review, and the main research question is to figure out the relationship between ergonomics and sustainability towards develop a new synergetic paradigm between these two mentioned fields. In this review article, we assessed some of the recent and related articles in which both ergonomics and sustainability were considered. This review aims to develop an integrated state-of-the-art approach including the benefits of both fields. PubMed and EBSCO were the databases consulted and the keywords of “ergonomics”, “sustainability”, and “product design” were selected to gather the relevant papers. Papers in English, which were published during last decade and that includes the keywords, were our inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria were: microeconomics and cost-benefit studies, aspects of law in environmental issues, and technical issues in environmental protection (such as waste-water treatment, air pollution, etc.). We initially identified 255 papers. This was narrowed down to 33 articles that addressed issues. In a critical review of the abstracts and full papers, 9 papers remained for the final assessment. Of these papers, 64% were from a management approach. Three articles had product design approach. Most of the assessed issues were about ergoecology, business management, s system-based approach, global supply chains, design for sustainability, and a cost-effective approach. Based on the mentioned articles, it seems that introducing a new term that includes all the positive aspects of ergonomics and the sustainability scope, is unavoidable. Therefore, we propose a new approach that includes the majority aspects of ergonomics, sustainability, and design. This new paradigm helps the related experts to manage a better future life for all.

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In this study, the importance of decisions of industrial designers in the primary stage of the design of products in terms of reducing environmental impacts was evaluated. In this descriptive research, the relationship between designers’ awareness and design quality in terms of waste reduction considerations was assessed. Then,
56 industrial designers as the research participants filled out the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by SPSSWin 23. Statistical analysis of the results based on the Spearman rank test showed that there was a significant relationship between choosing a sustainable approach to design and reducing product waste after its life cycle. Moreover, the level of responsibility of industrial designers for the environment is effective in reducing product waste. Questionnaire analysis showed that designers who cared about the fate of their designed products after the end of the life cycle frequently used sustainable approach. The results showed that designers who took a sustainable approach to design and cared about the fate of the products after the end of their life cycle designed products in such a way that they could be reused. There was also a significant relationship between the choice of a sustainable approach by designers and the use of recycled materials in new products. It seems that more awareness should be raised and further studies should be conducted to improve benefiting of designers’ sustainable approaches as well as to raise their awareness about the necessity of observing the sustainable development objectives.