Showing 52 results for Design
H. Normohammadzad, S. Makki,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Abstract
Redesigning Bazaar Physical Structure According to its Dealing Culture Structure
Case Study: Arab Bazaar in Ahvaz City
The Bazaar physical structure is formed from the arrangement syntax of division units, Interfaces, joints and boundaries to each other and the Arabic Bazaar also follows this example. This structure is the result of arrangement syntax of division units with linear pattern around an axis. Culture is a life style of people that fulfill their needs with its "pattern variable" based on the values of their culture. The Arabs as roles of buyers and sellers use a dealing pattern in this bazaar that is different from others. Interactions between each role lead to the formation of networks with different contents. The networks tie to each other and form dealing culture structures. The Current physical structures are not in accord with the dealing culture structure thus leading to irregularity. The changed structure of shops with the counter of vendors that put beside of shop can be indicate inappropriateness of physical structure and dealing culture structure with them in bazaar. The inappropriateness of two structure has led to irregularities in bazaar.
The aim of this research is to solve this problem by using the general structure connection model based on the system theory for physical structures. Therefore, the present research to achieve the associating of physical and cultural structure as the aim seek to answers these questions:
1. How can is designed the physical structure according to culture structure?
2. How can is designed form of components and their relations between them in physical structure according with networks and relations between them in culture structure?
3. How can is designed elements of components and relations between them in physical structure with content and pattern variable in culture structure?
Hence the dealing culture structure in the Ahwaz Arab Bazaar was identified using the ethnographic method based on the network theory, and the results were used in the redesign of the physical structure. Culture regularity in the dealing networks is the result of this study that facilitates the dealing of goods and information in the bazaar. In this study, the framework was presented for use in the design process by network theory and Parsons' cultural theory that used mainly in sociological studies. The model of culture structure was extracted by output of ethnographic research method and interpretive method and it was used as one of the criteria for choosing of physical structure design. Creating the possibility of comparing physical body in correspondence with culture is other result of the culture structure model obtained. It is recommended to use the results obtained in redesigning other old bazaar.
S. Ebrahimi, N. Koleini Mamaghani, S. R. Mortezaei, M. Saffar Dezfouli,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Abstract
This paper is based on the research which was conducted earlier on Kansei Engineering (KE) and resulted in a new concept for scissors to redesign it with another method called “User Centered Design” (UCD). This is a shift from translation of the consumers’ psychological feeling about a product related to their perception of the design (KE) to focus on designing for and involving users in the design process (UCD). According to UCD process, after understanding and specifying the context of use, specifying the requirements and evaluation of KE concept were simultaneously (by 52 users, 30 female and 22 male), next steps were producing design solutions and evaluating those solutions about requirements (by 41 subjects, 26 female and 15 male). Specifying the requirements and evaluations were by usability test via focus groups and interviews. The final concept obtained high available satisfaction rates defined in the research project. In addition, some comfort design factors for hand tools (e.g. reducing wrist bent while working and reduction of hand pain) were measured and the new designed product achieved a highly satisfactory result. At last a comparison between UCD and KE had been done.This paper is based on the research which was conducted earlier on Kansei Engineering and resulted in a new concept for scissors to redesign it with another method called “User Centered Design” (UCD). Kansei Engineering (KE) as a kind of human ergonomic technology refers to the translation of the consumers’ psychological feeling about a product related to their perception of the design. UCD is a general term for a method which focuses on designing for and involving users in the design process. It can effectively be substituted with those methods only covering the surface requirements of users. UCD includes iterative design and evaluation through gathering the user requirements and understanding the context of use. The collected and produced data yielded some new ideas as well while being eventually evaluated by end-users. The final concept obtained high available satisfaction rates defined in the research project. In addition, some comfort design factors for hand tools (e.g. reducing wrist bent while working and reduction of hand pain) were measured and the new designed product achieved a highly satisfactory result.
V. Bigdeli Rad, H. Najafpour, E. Shieh, H. Bigdeli Rad,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
A safe neighborhood encourages the residents to lead a more physically active lifestyle. A lack of physical activities elevates the risks of various health condition, most profoundly obesity and cardiovascular diseases. This paper presents the development of a questionnaire aimed at measuring the safety factors associated with physical activeness of the residents in urban Tehran neighborhoods that has been tested and validated through pilot study, industry recognized validity tests, and expert review. The questionnaire has six research constructs linked to five specified research indicators. It is available in both Farsi and English, and back translation has been done by field experts to ensure its accuracy in representing the intended measurement. This questionnaire is expected to assist urban developers and managers in improving the safety condition in urban neighborhoods of Iran to promote physical activeness.
E. Najafi, M. A. Khanmohammadi, K. W. Smith,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
This study examines how analogy affects problem-solving in ideation phase of design among architects and engineers. For this purpose, a design problem was given to master and Ph.D. students of engineering and architecture. They were given two optional analogy sources to choose and be inspired by one. From the analysis of design sessions, using different coding groups and the application of the Protocol analysis, the following results were achieved. Choosing different analogies would cause application of different levels of abstraction by designers in design, considering their discipline. Also, choosing between two analogies would affect mainly the behaviour of engineers in the problem space. For architects choosing between different analogies do not affect their problem solving or structuring so much but it affects their problem space monitoring mainly. Finally, architects benefit from analogy mostly for problem solving.
J. Mahdi Nejad, H. Azemati, A. Sadeghi Habibabad,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
In the history of Iranian architecture, mosques have always been the apex of Islamic art and architecture. The architecture of mosques seeks inspiration from the concepts of divine words to provide a space connecting the heavens and the material world and create a single spiritual environment. It is so important to identify the transcendental values of the past and choose the most essential values for considering the criteria adapted to the time and local conditions of today’s society. Seeking an applied purpose, this study has a qualitative and quantitative approach based on descriptive-survey research methodology. 16 valuable mosques of the traditional Iranian-Islamic architecture are initially investigated and their values and indicators are identified and confirmed by 8 experts to achieve architectural transcendence. The statistical population consists of architecture students of all technical faculties throughout Iran. 5 universities are selected through random cluster sampling and the sample size is 190 people; so that 175 questionnaires are approved by eliminating the incomplete questionnaires. The reliability of questionnaire is assessed in terms of content validity through a survey of experts and scholars and tests (calculation of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire and factors). At the end of study, 50 questionnaires are distributed among faculty members of 4 state universities in Iran as the control sample and the results of both statistical populations are analyzed. The collected data is analyzed by SPSS software and the results of hypotheses and strategies are presented both descriptively and inferentially at the end of research. According to the studies, 4 indicators prioritized as spiritual aesthetics, environment, facilities and regularity are detected, with each having other sub-indicators in priority order.
Sh. Roshanzamir, M. Farhadian Dehkordi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Urban morphology, including buildings’ typology and their configuration, affects sky view factor and insolation, which are two of the most influential parameters in urban microclimate. These become even more important in extreme environmental conditions. In this research, challenge was to generate various rule based urban morphologies in a parametric environment. Then, to evaluate them based on mentioned parameters to find the fittest climate responsive morphology. The evaluations are done using grasshopper definitions connected to Ecotect and genetic algorithms in grasshopper in a relatively short computing time. Introducing a high speed and user-friendly environment for designers to introduce forms and evaluate them in several iterations was a main consideration. The tool consists of two parts. First, the generative algorithms to create various rule based morphologies. Second, the analysing algorithms, which find the fittest climate responsive urban morphology based on insolation and sky view factor. As a case study, the program is used on different urban morphologies in Yazd to find the fittest solution. Gaining the maximum sky view factor while having minimum insolation on building surfaces is ideal in hot and arid climate. Anyhow, these two suggest contradicting solutions for urban form. Based on the existing urban fabric in Yazd, various block typologies and their arrangements are generated parametrically. In each scenario, iterations of evaluation find the most suitable ones. After comparing the fittest versions of different types, the most proper building typology, collective arrangement of them and the best orientation are provided as result.
L. Alipour,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
Different approaches and methods are used in the architecture design process that logical and intuitional methods are the most common ones. The role of knowledge in each method is different. Investigating aspects of knowledge demonstrated the hierarchy from data to wisdom and the interaction of explicit and tacit types, subjective and objective sources, and analytical and exploratory ways of processing knowledge. Logical methods rely more on explicit and objective knowledge with analysis, while intuitive methods rely more on tacit and subjective knowledge that processed by exploratory ways. To investigate the difference between the two methods, we conducted a survey that involved architecture students in two groups of logical and intuitive methods. Results demonstrated that they have different opinions about the role of each type of knowledge, the importance of knowledge in each step of the design process, and the role of sources of information in their design process. We concluded that an integrative method that considers different aspects and integrated interactions of all aspects of knowledge is needed..
Arash Mohammad-Moradi, Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar, Saeid Norouzian-Maleki,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Historical fabrics are known as a national heritage and treasure which are full of spiritual and human concepts. However, we are witnessing that many of these historic districts are being forgotten, abandoned and destructed as the emotional relationship between human and its residing place is fading out. Sense of place is a concept which focuses on the emotional and internal relation between people and their environment. Sense of place consists of three dimensions, namely: place identity, place dependence and place attachment. This research is trying to identify the most significant components regarding the sense of place. It is assumed that by improving these components, a higher level of sense of place is achieved in historic fabrics. These components could also help urban designers and architects that contribute to the historic fabric of the city. Qualitative content analysis methodology was used to elicit the sense of place components from 175 studies. Screening of the systematic reviews and extraction of information on included studies was performed using a validated framework. Finally, the Delphi method is used to find the most related components of the sense of place in historic districts. The results for the physical factors show that the most important attributes are “valuable landmarks and fabric”, “form and physical characteristics”, “communal spaces and public gathering places”, and “visual harmony and unity of the facades”. The results for the set of activity factors show that experts were generally reliable in their responses. The mean value for “events in place” is 4.94, which indicates that experts perceived this attribute as the most influential determinant. Other important attributes are “social activities and interactions”, “proper roads and pathways”, “legibility and identification”, “land use and functional diversity”, and “accessibility and permeability”. In the meaning category, “vitality and happiness” is the most important attribute to evaluate the sense of place in the historical fabrics. “History and originality of the place” is then ranked second, and “aesthetic, beauty and arrangement” third. In the individual-social category, “memories and experiences of place” scored the highest followed by “cultural, religious and ritual ceremonies”, “mental imagery of the place”, and “awareness of historical values of places” (mean value of 4.24).
Fatemeh Khozaei, Maryam Lesan, Nadia Ayub, Qamar Ul Islam,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Students’ residence halls have been studied repeatedly during the last decades from various perspectives (eg satisfaction). However, our knowledge is very limited in terms of students’ emotions towards various residence hall interior and exterior spaces. Besides, very little study exists on the impact of homelike furniture on students’ emotions. The question driving this research is whether the replacement of institutional furniture with home like furniture affects students’ emotional states towards their residence hall? The research follows a mixed, multi-staged methodology. Stage one used structured interviews of students about what might make a residence hall similar to home environments. This second stage evaluates students’ emotions toward their current residence halls (with institutional furniture) and modified images of the same place with homelike furniture. We used SAM to evaluate students’ emotional reactions in terms of valence, arousal, and dominance. The findings of the study suggests that home like residence halls significantly affect students’ positive emotions. The most positive emotions (valence, arousal, and dominance) were reported on kitchenette, corridor, and yard spaces and no significant differences were found on in-room décor.
Seyedeh Sarvin Farboud, Habib Shahhoseini,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (12-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the travelers' visual preference criteria in caravanserai hotels’ interior design to enhance human’s social, historical and cultural interactions. Using 356 questionnaires and Quantitative Research approach, the travelers' visual preferences of three hotels in Tabriz city are assessed. Photo questionnaires are prepared according to the Information Processing Analysis theory and were examined by SPSS software. The results indicate that preferred caravanserai hotels are mysterically related to physical factors like medium intensity of light, warm and neutral colors, modern and traditional furniture integration, green space and wooden decoration. Interior architects can increase peoples’ interest for using Caravanserai Hotels by considering this results and its application in their design methods.
Mahmoud Reza Saghafi, Paul Sanders,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (12-2020)
Abstract
Integrating different parts of the curriculum is one of the important challenges in architecture education. Curriculum development has an important role in linking theoretical subjects into practical design studios. This study focuses on an analytical comparison of two architecture curricula in different contexts of Australia and Iran. The purpose is to find the limitations and benefits of each curriculum through educational systems, teaching time for theoretical and practical subjects, and the map of courses and subjects. This paper contributes to the literature of architecture education through analysis of integrating different subjects. This study implements a document analysis method and a comparative case study method. The comparison indicates that although the architecture curriculum in Iran benefits from an extensive education with more subjects, wider content, and triple teaching time, it provides less opportunity for integrating theoretical and practical subjects. Furthermore, course structures at Australian universities benefit from greater flexibility and
choice for students to individualise their course through elective subjects. Architecture education is a problem-based and project-based learning, so the results of this research have a wide application in research on higher education. Also, the findings of this study can assist design schools to improve their curricula through linking theory to practice.
Leyla Alipour,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Designers rely much heavily on experience. Previously, it was assumed that particular developmental experiences are correlated with creativity which develops over time and with experience. The aim of this study is to explore whether design expertise definitely improves the creativity of design idea in architectural design. To test the hypothesis, some architectural designers at different levels of expertise, from novice students to expert architects, participated in a design task. The novelty and quality of design ideas were evaluated as the signs of creativity. The results indicated that there are significant relations between design expertise with the quality, but not with the novelty of design ideas. The expert designers preferred to find ideas that have practical solutions to the design problem, but novices looked for original ideas. We concluded that design experience influences the creative ideation, but have different effects on various aspects of design creativity.
Mohammad Reza Haidari, Vahid Sadram,
Volume 31, Issue 2 (4-2021)
Abstract
Architectural training is a part of higher education. One of the most important issues in this context is the judgment and measurement of design students' abilities and achievements. This research aims to answer the question of possibility of a model or method for a purposive and clear judgment, so that in addition to the academic achievements of architecture as a field of study, the level of architectural design for future engineers and designers will be promoted. Reviewing the literature of the context, the two terms "assessment" and "evaluation” are initially clarified. Through these two concepts, the JAAD (Judgment of Academic Architectural Designs) model is introduced and then examined for the judgment of undergraduate architectural designs, considering design of a commercial complex as a sample to arrive at a prototype. It is expected that by using this model, lecturers will be able to achieve more purposive and accurate judgments. In addition, students can take effective steps through purposive designs in order to improve the level of training and learning of architecture, which ultimately results in flourishing architectural achievements in future.
Fatemeh Akrami, Seyesd Mohammad Hossein Ayatollahi, Hossein Afrasiabi,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Achievement of thermal comfort in the built environment is one of the human life needs. Many studies have already explored the issues around human comfort in relation to the surrounding thermal environment. However, most of these studies used quantitative methods that fall into the positivist paradigm. Despite the conducive results obtained, many aspects of the thermal comfort are neglected as the nature of comfort is directly associated with the human dimension. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a different approach such as qualitative and mixed methods to better understand the underlying mechanisms of thermal comfort concept and its achievement. These methods could reveal other aspects of human comfort that have not been considered. However, the application of these methods requires fundamental knowledge of ontology and epistemology. Therefore, this paper reviewed and compared the dynamics of the application of the paradigms in thermal comfort studies and their methodologies. Analytical findings among the methods of studying thermal comfort showed that only quantitative studies were not sufficient to create the applied knowledge in this vein. As this is a human-based field, its methodology should be first selected and then designed in the right way respecting the context where a study is going to be carried out. In this process, qualitative studies can determine contributing factors, then quantitative studies can find the relationships between these factors.
Mohammad Salimian Rizi, Farzaneh Paknejad, Rasoul Salimian Rizi, Nasser Koleini Mamaghani,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Designers can use the story, as a common language, to improve the packaging of cultural artifacts. Knife packaging, as one of the most important handicrafts of Zanjan province, can be a factor in supplying and selling this product in domestic and foreign markets. The main objectives of this research were to provide a design process for designing products related to emotions. To this end, a collection of stories related to this product was extracted; 30 users were surveyed and questioned as a sample. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method. In the descriptive part we have studied the storytelling method in the design process and in the analytical section we offered a checklist of stories and proverbs and examined them. Finally, the best story was chosen, and the knife was designed using the principles of storyboarding and scenario planning and considering the story-based packaging designed by principles. After taking time to make sure that the questionnaire was fully understood by the user and conducting the survey, the data were extracted, and statistical analysis was performed. The feedback of the users was reviewed and according to the results, it can be found out that the principles of the story in Zanjan knife packaging design have a significant effect on the interaction and emotions of users.
Fatemeh Farjamtalab, Hassan Sajadzadeh,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
This paper seeks to study the impacts of different dimensions of ICTs on urban design. Due to the inevitable digitalization of our lives which has a direct impact on urban design, it sounds that providing a redefinition of the concept of urban design is necessary. Although there are various studies about the impacts of ICTs on dimensions of cities, in this study, we consider the concept of urban design specifically. After reviewing various key aspects in urban design which were highlighted by practitioners and writers, eight dimensions were chosen to be investigated. These metrics include morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional, temporal, environmental, and economic dimensions. We try to address digitalization in the sense that how urban design can help to bridge the science and process of urban design by investigating the impact of ICTs on a few key selected dimensions. This study aims to present a clear and compatible image of urban design in the digital era. The resulting changes from globalization are expected to update the process of urban design. The study presents a qualitative perception of the imperative-analytical technique through a content review and qualitative coding (open, axial, and selective coding) in the first part. We tried to assess the views in chronological order in an urban context to present an updated definition of urban design: urban design is a process of enhancing the qualities of urban environments which would be facilitated by using ICTs tools.
Ali Pourahmad Ghalejough, Parisa Hashempour, Farzin Haghparast,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
The importance of using visual social media as the digital learning and inspiration resources in architecture is blatantly obvious. On the contrary, there are still gaps in the position of those platforms in the elements of creativity and performance within design studios. The major research question is how does the architecture students' use of architectural content on Instagram relate to their creativity and design studio performance? The paper aims to determine the relations of defined Instagram usage parameters with creativity indicators and students' grades in studios. After crafting the theoretical framework, the correlational research method was used to define the correlations between variables by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. All 72 students of the Design Studio III course during 2018-2020 at Tabriz Islamic Art University reported their Instagram usage parameters and design grades. Their creativity was measured by Abedi’s version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results revealed significant and positive correlations between the students’ performance and the overall score of creativity, fluency, and originality; but, no correlation was found in elaboration and flexibility. Also, there is a significant and positive correlation between Instagram use and flexibility of creativity. However, no significant correlations were reported between Instagram use and their studio performance. Hence, despite enhancing the flexibility, students cannot consider Instagram as a tool to achieve success in studios. Furthermore, the assessment system of the studios in Iran doesn’t cover all aspects of creativity, and it’s crucial to construct a new architecture-oriented creativity test.
Seyed Hashem Mosaddad, Hassan Sadeghi Naeini, Mahdiyeh Jafarnejad Shahri, Karmegam Karuppiah,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
In this study, the importance of decisions of industrial designers in the primary stage of the design of products in terms of reducing environmental impacts was evaluated. In this descriptive research, the relationship between designers’ awareness and design quality in terms of waste reduction considerations was assessed. Then,
56 industrial designers as the research participants filled out the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by SPSSWin 23. Statistical analysis of the results based on the Spearman rank test showed that there was a significant relationship between choosing a sustainable approach to design and reducing product waste after its life cycle. Moreover, the level of responsibility of industrial designers for the environment is effective in reducing product waste. Questionnaire analysis showed that designers who cared about the fate of their designed products after the end of the life cycle frequently used sustainable approach. The results showed that designers who took a sustainable approach to design and cared about the fate of the products after the end of their life cycle designed products in such a way that they could be reused. There was also a significant relationship between the choice of a sustainable approach by designers and the use of recycled materials in new products. It seems that more awareness should be raised and further studies should be conducted to improve benefiting of designers’ sustainable approaches as well as to raise their awareness about the necessity of observing the sustainable development objectives.
Pradyut Anand, Prashant Kumar,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
The performance-based design (PBSD) begins with defining performance goals. Performance-based seismic design accurately predicts the structure's performance during an earthquake. Recognizing and analyzing the structure's performance capacity is critical in performance-based design. This project was to do a PBSD on a (G+10) RCC construction. The building is first studied and built in STAAD PRO. Then, it was imported into the ETABS 2019 program to do a more detailed analysis of the displacement-controlled pushover analysis. The ETABS yields the structure's performance point, story displacement, capacity spectrum, Story drift, and demand spectrum. After the original design, a nonlinear pushover analysis is done to find out how well the building can withstand earthquakes and whether or not the goal was met, as well. In this research, we looked at the seismic code IS 1893 (Part 1) and the concrete design code IS 456: 2000 in order to make sure the building was safe. After obtaining all of the results, the structure's performance was compared for the various scenarios investigated and the optimal combination was determined.
Masoud Shafiei-Dastjerdi, Azadeh Lak, Ali Ghaffari,
Volume 33, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
One of the main goals of the resilient discourse in the recent urban design literature has been creating resilient places. Urban resilience is defined by the URFs (urban resilience features) for operation and realization in various fields. Due to continuous urban developments, there is a need to revise URFs with a place-based approach. URFs addressed in literature are so diverse that placing them into one single general list creates many contradictions and ambiguities. To reduce or eliminate inconsistencies in the definition of URFs and the qualitative performance of each URF in delivering urban resilience, this paper justifies the key factors for ordering and classifying URFs. In this study, a systematic review of the literature on urban resilience was performed in five stages using the Scopus databases within the 1973-February 2020 period. Then, 16 URFs, using three guidelines based on the corresponding evaluation of place and resilience, were identified and classified into three groups: (1) the intrinsic (internal) characteristics of the constituent components of a resilient system, (2) the behavioral proxies (proactive/reactive) of a resilient system and (3) the resilience-reinforcing attributes of a system in relation to the external environment. This study can shed light on the proper definition of urban resilience and its operational URFs.
