International Journal of

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Historic contexts remind us of an era when cities were built based on the needs, goals, and preferences of their inhabitants. In other words, the mental world of both the builders and the inhabitants was closely interrelated. But by ignoring citizens' memories and interests and their mental needs, today's interventions with rapid developments within historic contexts have led to amnesia and the destruction of cities' identities. Hence, architecture as a major part of the urban fabric experiences disruption not only within the urban context but also through the collective memory of the inhabitants of the texture. Since identity is an important criterion of endogenous developments, in addition to clarifying the importance of collective memory in infill architecture design approach in historic contexts in the conducted analyses, this paper has sought to answer this question “Given the different approaches in terms of their innovation in infill architecture, how can one explain the architectural approach in infill spaces by referring to collective memory?” The research methodology is case study. By collecting data through library and digital resources, this paper concentrates on the process of architectural approach in historic contexts as well as identification of historic contexts. Then, through an interview with the older inhabitants of Imamzadeh Yahya neighborhood, their shared memories were identified. Then, the result was distributed as a questionnaire among the Imamzadeh Yahya locals. By analyzing the results through Spss software, the collective memory was identified within the historic context and the criteria for infill design were extracted. According to the results, the architecture in historic contexts depends on the land use, the proximity to valuable units, shared intangible events, etc. that can all be extracted from collective memory of texture. The obtained indices can be invoked in architectural design within historic contexts to enhance their physical identity.

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Abu Hamed Mohammad al-Ghazālī was a mystic, jurist, and theologian who lived in the fifth century AH and significantly influenced Iranian culture. His most significant work is Iḥyaʾ ʿŪlum al-Dīnʾ, written in his seclusion period to revive religious knowledge, with the subject being applied knowledge. Therefore, it can be regarded as an architectural information reference. This research is dedicated to understanding al-Ghazālī’s principles for architecture and its status in Iḥyaʾ. It was done by the Historical-Interpretation approach, reading and interpreting the original text of Iḥyaʾ, and that is why just for mentioning the evidence and having an improved perception of Iḥyaʾ, other al-Ḡhazālī’s books and references were used.
The outcome of this research is two architectural categories from Iḥyaʾ. These are form and content and the rules of architecture. In al-Ghazali’s opinion, the craftsmen, along with other people, can also make the spiritual journey based on their crafts. He has to do his crafts with the ḏhekr (God’s Remembrance), Seek the real contents from the world's forms, construct as an implication to the most beloved, God, and construct the world to construct his hereafter.

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Evidence of the past shows variation in human settlements. Nomadic house the” Black Tent” shows relationship between humans and the natural environment surrounding them. Black Tents are made of natural materials consistant with environmental conditions. This paper discusses nomadic living space of some Iranian tribes located in different regions to show their unique architecture and culture. Rediscovering different architecture to understand this particular modus in nomadic life which need migration between their summer and winter residences. Given the factthat Black tent material is approximate similar, after thorough study in seven tribes in different provinces of Iran, it has been revealed tha  general ideas concerning the set up and installation of the tents have been the same. However, Black tent shapes and forms are different in those regions. In this regard, documenting how Iranian nomadic tribes arrange their settlement and the methods of using vernacular material by them, seems to be a good way to preserve their architecture. The Black tent is a synergy of nature and human's creative power. Method of data collection include desk studies as well as observation and documentation of indigenous habitat patterns of Iranian nomads by field observations and  ethnographyEvidence of the past shows variation in human settlements. Nomadic house the” Black Tent” shows relationship between humans and the natural environment surrounding them. Black Tents are made of natural materials consistant with environmental conditions. This paper discusses nomadic living space of some Iranian tribes located in different regions to show their unique architecture and culture. Rediscovering different architecture to understand this particular modus in nomadic life which need migration between their summer and winter residences. Given the factthat Black tent material is approximate similar, after thorough study in seven tribes in different provinces of Iran, it has been revealed tha  general ideas concerning the set up and installation of the tents have been the same. However, Black tent shapes and forms are different in those regions. In this regard, documenting how Iranian nomadic tribes arrange their settlement and the methods of using vernacular material by them, seems to be a good way to preserve their architecture. The Black tent is a synergy of nature and human's creative power. Method of data collection include desk studies as well as observation and documentation of indigenous habitat patterns of Iranian nomads by field observations and  ethnography

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Integrating different parts of the curriculum is one of the important challenges in architecture education. Curriculum development has an important role in linking theoretical subjects into practical design studios. This study focuses on an analytical comparison of two architecture curricula in different contexts of Australia and Iran. The purpose is to find the limitations and benefits of each curriculum through educational systems, teaching time for theoretical and practical subjects, and the map of courses and subjects. This paper contributes to the literature of architecture education through analysis of integrating different subjects. This study implements a document analysis method and a comparative case study method. The comparison indicates that although the architecture curriculum in Iran benefits from an extensive education with more subjects, wider content, and triple teaching time, it provides less opportunity for integrating theoretical and practical subjects. Furthermore, course structures at Australian universities benefit from greater flexibility and choice for students to individualise their course through elective subjects. Architecture education is a problem-based and project-based learning, so the results of this research have a wide application in research on higher education. Also, the findings of this study can assist design schools to improve their curricula through linking theory to practice.

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Disconnection with nature and history as a result of modernist approaches occurred in the early twentieth century has led to great consequences. Climate change, environmental problems and energy and resources crises have posed numerous challenges to contemporary architects across the globe. The present paper focuses on the issue of passive thermoregulation strategies in vernacular and biomimetic architecture - two approaches in architecture that connect architecture to nature and history -which can offer solutions for environmental crisis. The main objective of this study is to highlight the similarities and differences between vernacular and biomimetic architecture based on passive thermoregulation criterion. So the main question is: what are the common features of biomimetic and vernacular architecture in their use of passive thermoregulatory mechanisms. In this study, the comparative method is used to point out the similarities and differences that can be found between some case studies of vernacular and biomimetic architecture. First, some examples of biomimetic architecture are selected using desk studies and, then, their approach to heat regulation are analyzed using descriptive-analytical research methodology. The results show that while vernacular architecture has a static nature and is depended on low-tech and biomimetic architecture has a dynamic (kinetic), intelligence and interactive nature which relies on high-tech and new materials, their approaches to thermoregulation are similar in some ways. While different in form, they are both based on controlling solar radiation through shading, dissipating heat through convective and evaporative cooling systems, and using the sun as a renewable source of energy.

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Changing and repurposing existing buildings for their continued use was quite common in the past and buildings deemed to be structurally safe were adapted to meet new functions and needs. In modern conservation theory, Adaptive Reuse is an important means of preserving cultural heritage. The main questions asked is what are the priorities and shortcomings of adaptive reuse theoretical references within interior architecture based on comparative study with Nara Document parameters? The research method in this study is of a qualitative, with logical argument as a strategy. The priorities were studied and then the most important weaknesses and drawbacks of these approaches to Adaptive Reuse were analyzed in a comparative study with the Nara Grid by 32 semi-structured interviews with experts in the fields of Architecture, Interior architecture and conservation. The results show four main Adaptive Reuse priorities extracted from the reviewed literature: Host Space Function, Programmatic Approach to New Use, Technical Requirements and Design-oriented strategies and solutions. These theoretical priorities do not negate each other; in fact, they are rather complementary. However, if one of them gains more importance in the process it can lead to many losses. Of their most important disadvantages, the following are worth mentioning:  A physical outlook and a lack of attention to intangible and soft values, a lack of attention to the meaning and characteristics of functions of the building in the past, ignoring the human presence and its needs, ignoring architectural details and interior architecture, lack of interdisciplinary research, and lack of adequate strategies in line with building values. It seems like the issues mentioned above could be avoided and redeemed through an emphasis in conservation policy on fixed feature spaces, semi-fixed feature spaces, and informal spaces in interior spaces, as well as considering human needs and social sciences in the redesign process, and following each priority and approach in the redesign process accordingly.

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Throughout cultural history, the architecture of shrines in Iran has been of most significant mythological values.  Due to the buried person's spiritual status, it has been sufficiently taken into account in the creation of sacred space and the manifestation of mystical beliefs. In the present era, due to lack of recognition in strategic research, historical semantics has largely been neglected in the field of religious architecture. The philosophical stand of this research is interpretivism; the approach is qualitative, and the method is logical reasoning. Three empirical, analytical and metaphysical theories have been applied in the research strategy. In the process of formulating theoretical foundations, semiotic and conceptual reasoning have been carried out. In the empirical analysis phase, field data were gathered and physical and conceptual modeling has been implemented. At the stage of the metaphysical theorem, the basis of the arguments is phenomenological. The results of the discussion show that the spatial hierarchy in the building, the diversity of Classical Elements and the hierarchical exposure of the people from the entrance to the tomb, is significant based on the mythological view. In analysis of the building, embodiment of the Classic Elements have been interpreted based on the sensory perceptions of the spaces, conscious travel from outside to inside the building, as well as understanding of the four mystical journeys which are: hierarchical ascending from soil to water, to air and to fire. Finally, it has been argued that mythical representation of birth and death is understandable in the transition among the sequences of spaces.

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This study investigated the role of different indexes in open spaces of residential buildings in Tabriz, Iran. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the indexes with a higher level of effectiveness. Using a quantitative method, both descriptive and analytical data were entered into  SPSS, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was done using Smart PLS software. The case study included open spaces in Tabriz. The sample included 380 inhabitants of Tabriz residential buildings. The indexes were divided into two groups of central indexes and dispersion indexes. The important factor in central indexes was average; meanwhile, variance and standard deviation were the determinative factors in the peripheral indexes. Cultural anthropology of buildings’ open spaces showed that FA in emotional indexes and culture of open spaces grading had the highest level. Perceptional indexes were in the medium level, and physical indexes had the lowest level. Finally, the common classification of indexes included inspirations, memories, dreams, feelings, failure, thrill, ownership, sense of power, safety and security, and disappointment. A special attention should be paid to different dimensions such as cultural anthropology and issues related to human beings in public spaces, which cannot be solved with a single approach. Further studies are required to confirm the findings of this study in other cities and different cultural and societal levels and contexts.

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The design of religious spaces around the world is of particular importance. Spaces such as churches, synagogues, graveyards, cemeteries, and shrines are among religious buildings. Such spaces are specially designed for each religion and faith. All forms of architecture should be easily reflected in form and space, given the meaning of the word “religion”
(faith, religion, method, tradition, sharia, method, and way [rule of life]) based on the more manifest concepts in religion. The purpose of this study is to investigate approaches and methods for measuring sensory factors in architectural environments, in the form of a review [article] and literature review, on how to measure sentiments in architectural space. Therefore, this study seeks to answer this question: What are the methods for measuring sensory factors in architectural environments? This study is desk research in nature, to define all the issues raised in the theoretical section using a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the content and logical reasoning and collect the required data on the concepts by doing a literature review. Findings indicate that the architecture in the past sought to take advantage of the formal dimensions of religious buildings, such as mosques and churches, as a medium for a spiritual leap into the world of truth and meaning. Religious (sacral or sacred) architecture can also be translated into organizing components to navigate the appearance of phenomena and remember their interior to enhance the spiritual spatial quality. One has to note that the effects of the architectural body and buildings built affect people's minds. Thus, if this issue is ignored, the created space will cause confusion and a negative effect on the minds of the users of the space for sure. In the field of sensory factors in architecture, architects and urban designers can answer most of the hypotheses by using cognitive sciences.

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Today, the use of building information modeling (BIM) has become widespread in developed countries; however, in Iran, the use of BIM-based software has received less attention for some reasons. In the present study, in the first phase, library studies and data collection related to research objectives have been surveyed. Then the identification of indigenous indices of green architecture in Iran was identified and explained through the Delphi method with Kendall's W correlation coefficient in SPSS software as a table Test Statistics. Finally, a green villa building in the Lavasan area in Tehran was detected and designated as a sample to be studied. The building was simulated using Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in order to better understand its environment. Moreover, the energy consumption of the mentioned building during the previous year was studied by modeling it in Revit software. The results of the research indicate that the selected building, which has been claimed to be green, has a distance of 58 kWh / m² with the global standards of ASHRAE and LEED. Accordingly, the studied building does not have the fundamental requirements and basic principles to receive the green building certification according to these international rating systems. Thus, with regard to the green building information modeling in Iran, it could be inferred that due to the lack of an indigenous guide (in terms of energy consumption) provided by the authorities, the environmental ecosystems as global assets are at risk.

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Architecture lays on the intersection between art and science. However, while the social effects of architecture are coming to the fore, there emerges to be a notion that technological progress in the construction sector demands more scientifically inclined research in the field. This notion can not be segregated from the technical aspect and it is through this notion that architecture can be conceived fully with respect to both art and science. Feltrinelli building in Milan may be a great example to understand how architects reinterpret place, language, and program by way of “authorial gestures”. This article tries to break down Feltrinelli building to its essential elements in order to get a better understanding of how these elements are technical, while they play a significant role in architectural poetry and make a unique whole with a distinguishing character. In order to get into essential elements, we used architectural techniques such as site survey, modeling, photography, and drawings. By the use of these techniques, we can clarify our point that the way architecture is conceived goes beyond mere functions and techniques.

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‘Privacy’ in Islamic culture is considered one of the concepts related to the existential dimensions of human beings and one of the most important spiritual needs for self-improvement and a sincere connection with Allah. In this regard, mosques, as places for the Muslims’ collective worship ceremonies, are not only a place for social interaction but also a privacy-focused gathering, they are optimal places for thinking and enjoying some private moments with Allah. Two questions arise that what are the components of creating the privacy in the Architecture of mosques? How do these components result in the creation of this privacy in the mosques? The present study is basic and qualitative research in terms of purpose, which uses both comparative and meta-analysis methods. In this study, while analyzing documentary studies as well as in-depth and open interviews, mosques from Isfahan were selected as a case study. The NVivo software was used to analyze qualitative data. Based upon the conceptual model obtained from the research findings, three types of privacy have been proposed. The first mode is ‘having private moments with oneself’ which is made by the components such as ‘introspection and remembrance’. The second mode is ‘having private moments with Allah’ which is formed via components such as the companionship of light and darkness and the vacuity. Finally, the third mode is ‘the privacy in the public’ which is created due to components such as verbal and non-verbal communication.
 

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Today constructing high-rise buildings which consist of a great amount of surface area and also openings is prevalent and is continuing to rise. Therefore, the building’s envelope is among the most important elements that has a great effect on energy consumption and wastage. As a result, Responsive Architecture focuses on the design of the external skin of buildings which can change their physical properties in order to respond to various environmental conditions. These facades can play a significant role in reducing energy consumption produced by fossil fuels and maximizing the use of natural energies. This study aims to simply review and categorize the various solutions provided by responsive architecture in order to reduce energy consumption in contemporary high-rise building skins. To achieve this goal there has to be a clear image presented of the impact of these responsive systems on energy consumption and how they actually function. In this regard, comparative studies on some of the most basic studies concentrated on the subject, and also a few case studies well-known in this area of matter were precisely reviewed with a descriptive-analytical approach. Accordingly, a general assortment of responsive architecture solutions and performance in high-rises were attained and gathered which can be classified into two groups; those applicable for vertical facades including “Kinetic Facades”, “Double-Skin Facades”, “Smart Materials and Windows”, and those for horizontal facades including “Kinetic Roof” and a new type of “Ventilation Stacks and Exhaust Ducts”. These solutions can be operated in combination with each other or for the better performance of another system, depending on environmental conditions. moreover, they can be applied for either new buildings during their construction or even the old ones by installing them separately from the main facade. They can control the energy consumption of the building and minimize the use of mechanical systems by increasing the amount of received solar energy, reducing internal energy wastage, receiving optimum natural daylight, creating natural ventilation, controlling the amount of excess received heat, regulating temperature through energy storage and generating electricity. Responsive architecture solutions show that they can not only make it possible in getting the maximum advantage of renewable sources, but can also extend the useful life of buildings, and produce a quality of experience that reconnects people to the environment and provides delight in their lives.

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The demand for energy has increased all over the world, and the construction industry makes up a high percentage of energy consumption. Different design components, construction, and exploitation regarding the field of construction energy consumption and the drive towards sustainability have been taken into consideration; however, energy conservation with an emphasis on the user's behaviors has been ignored. The purpose of this research is to provide a quantitative definition of the impact of behavior on energy consumption in three residential, institutional, and educational occupancies in one apartment through survey and simulation. In this research, by allocating three different occupancies to one building in Qom, the cooling and heating loads for each occupant have been compared in a one-year interval. First, the building modeling was carried out in Ecotet software and put in Energyplus software. Then by assuming a single building and describing three different patterns of using the space in Energyplus, the outcomes were compared. The results show that the reduction or increase in energy consumption in each occupancy was influenced by the number of users and the patterns of their activities or clothing. Reducing the duration of presence or changing the work hours in warm seasons of the year can significantly help reduce energy consumption in educational and institutional occupancies in hot and dry climates. The residential users' economic motives can be one of the reasons for reduced energy consumption in residential occupancies, compared to institutional occupancies.

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In the current study, an endeavor is undertaken to formulate specific recommendations for the design of facades pertaining to infill buildings situated in the proximity of valuable urban Qajar residences within the Mazandaran province. The conspicuous lack of such directives within the regulatory framework of this region is noteworthy. The imposition of guidelines pertaining to façade design is imperative to establish visual congruence between contemporary structures and historical Qajar edifices in the urban landscapes of Mazandaran province. The present investigation employs a comprehensive approach, integrating both the interpretive-historical strategy and the logical argumentation strategy. A scrutiny of 30 valuable urban Qajar residences in Mazandaran province is conducted, wherein their distinctive features are systematically classified under eight discernible categories. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is developed by leveraging Semes' design strategies model and drawing inspiration from Groat's theoretical framework. Concurrently, the practicalities inherent in Mazandaran's urban conservation system are taken into consideration. This conceptual framework serves as the foundation for the articulation of facade design recommendations, delineating acceptable design methodologies for its constituent elements. Within this framework, a concerted effort is exerted to advocate conservative strategies for the macro elements of facade design, juxtaposed with latitude for more abstract approaches when addressing the micro elements. It is noteworthy that the intentional opposition approach is deemed unsuitable. Ultimately, drawing upon typological analyses of the compiled samples and adhering to the established framework, a series of recommendations for facade design is proffered. This study serves as a foundational step toward the formulation of design guidelines tailored to the historic districts of Mazandaran.

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This paper delves into the reciprocal relationship between Geographic Information System (GIS) and landscape architecture, with a specific focus on the utilization of digital landscape models and visualization for the acquisition of planning knowledge. Rooted in the seminal contributions of Ian McHarg and Jack Dangermond, who were instrumental in pioneering GIS and layer planning in architecture, the study aspires to formulate a novel procedural theory for knowledge acquisition in landscape architecture. The research methodology adopts a theoretical and developmental approach, employing a qualitative systematic review analysis method. The study proposes an innovative approach to planning knowledge acquisition for landscape architects through the utilization of GIS, placing particular emphasis on visual presentations facilitated by digital landscape models and visualization models. The establishment of theoretical foundations is achieved by introducing the hierarchy of data, information, and knowledge, with a specific emphasis on the crucial role of knowledge management systems and decision support systems in the context of landscape architecture. The paper introduces a conceptual model that delineates the subsystems of knowledge management and decision support within the architectural information system. The findings and subsequent discussions underscore the significance of GIS in the acquisition of planning knowledge, emphasizing the cyclic nature of the process involving the creation, development, and experimentation with diverse options to achieve novel landscape architecture compositions. The paper introduces the Digital Visualization Model (DVM) and Digital Landscape Model (DLM) within the GIS framework, elucidating their respective roles in the landscape architecture composition cycle. In conclusion, the paper highlights the potency of GIS in environmental recognition and knowledge acquisition for landscape architects. It identifies three distinct approaches – GIS modeling, GIS analysis, and GIS visual presentation – and elucidates their seamless integration into the landscape planning process. GIS is acknowledged as a transformative force, enriching the formal interpretation of landscape architecture and paving the way for interdisciplinary exploration.
 

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In contemporary times, the imperative to address ethical considerations within the realm of architecture has escalated, primarily in response to the prevalent environmental challenges. Environmental ethics, a facet of applied ethics, delves into the intricate interplay between nature and the exigencies arising from indiscriminate human interventions in the environment. The present research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to discern indicators of environmental ethics methodologies, drawing insights from the Hannover Principles and pertinent case studies. Within the purview of this study, the qualitative content analysis method is employed to scrutinize the conceptual framework of these principles and their ramifications on residential complexes. To identify pivotal indicators and criteria catering to residential needs, the Expert questionnaire and AHP method are applied. The accrual of research data is facilitated through a researcher-developed questionnaire, subsequently subjected to analysis utilizing SPSS statistical software. The analytical approach involves correlation coefficient analysis and a one-sample t-test. In alignment with the Hannover Principles, environmental ethics indicators are systematically classified into three distinct categories: principles pertaining to human aspects, those linked to nature, and principles concerning productivity. This study aims to investigate the role of these principles as evaluative criteria in the design of contemporary residential complexes. The central research question guiding this inquiry is articulated as follows: To what extent have environmental ethics principles been integrated into the design paradigms of modern residential complexes? The empirical findings underscore the imperative of infusing environmental ethical standards into the fabric of sustainable building creation. Notably, principles related to human aspects emerge as particularly consequential, garnering the highest score among all the considered criteria for Residential Complexes.

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The failure to adapt existing architectural education models to the evolving cultural and technological landscape of the digital age, coupled with the rapid advancements in computer programs within the architectural profession, has underscored the imperative of establishing a proficient framework for architecture education that aligns with the demands of the contemporary architectural landscape. In response to this exigency, architectural design concepts have emerged as instrumental tools in the instructional paradigm of digital architecture, mirroring the crystallization of modernism during the Bauhaus period—an era marked by significant shifts in theoretical and design perspectives.
The principal objective of the current investigation is to comprehend the educational framework of digital architecture with the intent of bridging the existing gap between architectural education and professional practice. The methodology employed for data acquisition in this study encompasses comprehensive library research and an examination of pertinent documents. The convergence of architecture and digital education has introduced a novel trajectory for the advancement of pedagogical practices within the discipline of architecture. However, the integration of laboratory activities and technological components in practical training remains sluggish, necessitating responsiveness to societal demands, increased financial allocation to educational infrastructure, and the mobilization of teaching resources to facilitate widespread adoption and sustained advancement. The adoption of a research project-oriented approach to teaching has proven instrumental in achieving the objectives of motivating students to contemplate various facets of the nexus between technology and the environment.

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The consideration of environmental sustainability has permeated both conscious and subconscious realms throughout history. In the context of Boushehr city's historical architecture from the Qajar period, a myriad of sustainable residential structures attuned to the regional climate, ensuring occupants' thermal comfort, are evident. This sustainability, devoid of adherence to a specific theoretical framework, adeptly caters to the pragmatic needs of the building users. The primary objective of this study is to conceptualize the historical architectural composition of Boushehr, focusing on materials, and to conduct a thermal assessment of two structures, one historic and the other contemporary, within the city. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of traditional and modern building materials in Boushehr was executed through the utilization of Ecotect and Energy Plus simulation software, complemented by extensive survey and on-site investigations. The findings of this analysis reveal that traditional building materials, beyond their inherent harmony with the regional climate, exhibit superior physical properties compared to their modern counterparts. While advancements in technology have enhanced the chemical and mechanical attributes of contemporary building materials over time, amalgamating the advantageous physical attributes of traditional materials renders the latter more environmentally sustainable. Despite the fact that rooms constructed with older materials exhibit a higher average monthly temperature than those utilizing modern materials, the diminished heating and cooling loads of the former contribute to positioning older residential structures as closer approximations to a more sustainable archetype.

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Architecture, akin to other forms of art, often transcends mere functional considerations, striving to re-present reality in a manner that engages the senses and shapes the human psyche. The Iranian Garden, also known as the Persian Garden, holds a distinctive status in Iranian spatial and environmental design. Its meticulously balanced and structured amalgamation of natural and man-made elements has transformed the Iranian Garden into a global phenomenon, offering a uniquely nuanced portrayal of the world. This investigation delves into three specific Iranian gardens, aiming to elucidate how reality is re-presented within Iranian garden design to attain a transcendent experience. Utilizing a qualitative and interpretive analysis of contemporary theories addressing issues related to image and reality, this paper initially introduces three categories for representing reality—intensification, integration, and transformation—alongside two realms of experience: the corporeal and the mental. These modes of depicting and experiencing reality are subsequently explored within the context of three renowned Iranian gardens—Dolatabad Garden of Yazd, Fin Garden of Kashan, and Shazdeh Mahan Garden of Kerman. This examination serves to illustrate the diverse design solutions employed to re-present familiar reality to observers. The evaluation of these gardens involved on-site visits, personal immersion in the garden environments, and a reliance on existing documentation and theories regarding these spaces. The findings of this study reveal a sophisticated and adept utilization of architectural and spatial components in garden design. Through varied approaches to re-presenting familiar reality, these gardens craft an aesthetic experience that stimulates the senses and elevates both the intellect and the spirit. Such interpretations of the traditional Iranian Garden offer valuable insights for designers seeking to emulate the spatial qualities without resorting to the replication of familiar motifs and forms. It is anticipated that a deeper comprehension of how the Iranian Garden re-presents the familiar will guide future endeavors to adapt it for contemporary times, steering clear of deviations that might compromise its essential nature.