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M. Tahbaz,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Volume 28, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Because of the differences between indoor and outdoor thermal condition, preparing some outdoor thermal indices is a way to understand and categorize the outdoor thermal sensation. The aim of these indices is not to provide thermal comfort - as it is the aim of indoor indices. Instead, they are provided to analyze outdoor thermal sensation to help architects, landscape architects and urban designers in design procedure to provide the most possible tolerable thermal condition in outdoor places such as urban public spaces. This article is the result of some field studies have been done in 2010 - 2012 in five different climates: hot semi humid (Ahvaz, Iran), tropical (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), hot-arid (Kashan, Iran), moderate-arid (Tehran, Iran) and cold (Sheffield, UK) in their worst thermal period. The main question in this research is: which outdoor thermal index is appropriate for a specific climate? And how much it is accurate to evaluate outdoor thermal sensation especially in different levels of cold stress and heat stress condition? In each field study the weather data including temperature, humidity and wind speed, are collected by two portable Kestrel weather stations to show weather condition in local and microclimate levels. People's behavior in outdoor spaces is observed to understand their reaction to the different thermal conditions. A nominal observation scale is used for people’s age, health, clothes, activity and exposure time. Outdoor thermal indices that are used in this research are: Humidex, WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature), TSI (tropical summer index), Summer Outdoor Comfort Zone, WCET (wind chill equivalent temperature), THI (temperature humidity index) and UTCI (universal thermal climate index). The results show that outdoor thermal indices may have not the same explanation for the same thermal condition. Some of them are more appropriate for some specific condition while others are not. At last it would be summarized that they have acceptable sensitivity to temperature but most of them need to become more sensitive to humidity and air velocity.
M. Zarei, M. Sattarzad Fathi, F. Heidari,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Volume 28, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
The "Urban Village Approach" is one of the most appropriate ways to eliminate recent urban problems, including social,
environmental, cultural, and economic shortcomings. Although the urban village approach is generally proper to resolve these
types of flaws, its combination with the democratic concept of urban design can definitely provide more effective solutions. So
at first, this paper aims to present a theoretical combination of these two approaches in the form of recommended principles
and criteria, and then attempts to introduce a hypothetical wasteland for illustrating the practical aspects of it through design
suggestions. A major part of the achievements of this paper is based on theoretical and empirical findings obtained from
comparisons and descriptions, but in order to achieve more tangible results, the practical aspects of findings are proven by
displaying 3D designs and schemes. Consequently, these proposed principles and criteria can be utilized in designing a
democratized urban village form that finally leads to some vital qualities, such as flexibility, inclusiveness, localism, diversity,
vitality, naturality, identity, etc. These qualities, in an appropriate and consistent relation with the existing contexts, will also
bring some desired concepts within, like justice, equality, freedom, and democracy to the urban and rural areas and
neighborhoods.
H. Normohammadzad, S. Makki,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Abstract
Redesigning Bazaar Physical Structure According to its Dealing Culture Structure
Case Study: Arab Bazaar in Ahvaz City
The Bazaar physical structure is formed from the arrangement syntax of division units, Interfaces, joints and boundaries to each other and the Arabic Bazaar also follows this example. This structure is the result of arrangement syntax of division units with linear pattern around an axis. Culture is a life style of people that fulfill their needs with its "pattern variable" based on the values of their culture. The Arabs as roles of buyers and sellers use a dealing pattern in this bazaar that is different from others. Interactions between each role lead to the formation of networks with different contents. The networks tie to each other and form dealing culture structures. The Current physical structures are not in accord with the dealing culture structure thus leading to irregularity. The changed structure of shops with the counter of vendors that put beside of shop can be indicate inappropriateness of physical structure and dealing culture structure with them in bazaar. The inappropriateness of two structure has led to irregularities in bazaar.
The aim of this research is to solve this problem by using the general structure connection model based on the system theory for physical structures. Therefore, the present research to achieve the associating of physical and cultural structure as the aim seek to answers these questions:
1. How can is designed the physical structure according to culture structure?
2. How can is designed form of components and their relations between them in physical structure according with networks and relations between them in culture structure?
3. How can is designed elements of components and relations between them in physical structure with content and pattern variable in culture structure?
Hence the dealing culture structure in the Ahwaz Arab Bazaar was identified using the ethnographic method based on the network theory, and the results were used in the redesign of the physical structure. Culture regularity in the dealing networks is the result of this study that facilitates the dealing of goods and information in the bazaar. In this study, the framework was presented for use in the design process by network theory and Parsons' cultural theory that used mainly in sociological studies. The model of culture structure was extracted by output of ethnographic research method and interpretive method and it was used as one of the criteria for choosing of physical structure design. Creating the possibility of comparing physical body in correspondence with culture is other result of the culture structure model obtained. It is recommended to use the results obtained in redesigning other old bazaar.
M. Ghalehnoee, A. Ghaffari, N. Mohsen-Haghighi,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Volume 28, Issue 2 (12-2018)
Abstract
Sound as a non-visual component of landscape, has a significant impact on individuals perception of space. Because unlike the landscape that seeing and looking is totally an optional action, soundscape regardless of people comes to be heard and understood. Lack of attention to quality of emitted sounds in the environment may leads to problems such as noise pollution, lack of concentration, noise annoyance, disturbance and lack of privacy in people conversation in the urban spaces. A qualitative- quantitative assessment of soundscape is essential. In this regard, Naghsh-e-Jahan square in Isfahan, Iran as an urban space needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical indicators of soundscape in Naghsh-e-Jahan square and to discover people perception of sounds. For this, questionnaire (n=385) was used. Indicators of LAeq and Ldenwere evaluated via St-8851 sound level meter. Field sound metering (429 points with 10 meters intervals near to the walls in depth of 2 and around the fountains and 20 meters intervals in the interior space) has done. In order to complete coverage of noise events and acoustic condition three temporal frameworks; day time (07-19), evening (19-22), night (22-07) were selected. All the field studies were in winter of 2016. Collected data entered into the GIS map and noise maps produced. Results of questionnaires showed that the most unpleasant sounds were motorcycle and cars and gharries and most pleasant sounds were water sound. Results showed that in some points such as around the central fountain, entrance of Qeysariyeh Bazar, loop between Sepah and Hafez St. and pass of carriages, and the mean overall Lden is higher than standard levels of noise in urban spaces 55 dB (A) and need to be controlled and reduces up to stand.
M. Rafieian, M. Rafieiannaajafabadi, M. Bemanian,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Volume 29, Issue 1 (6-2019)
Abstract
Meaning quality of urban public places is a big concern. Various indices shape meaning quality of urban public places. Some indices have more roles in perception quality and some of them less. Finding these indices could help planners and designers to improve meaning quality from the perspective of citizens. The main question of this paper is: what are the main indices in perception the quality of squares in the view of Yazd (Iran) citizens? To answer this question, this paper used survey analysis method. With 376 participant to answer questioners. Process of survey start with literature review to determine meaning quality indices and T-test and Friedman test, in SPSS, used to analysis data. Results indicate that among the 22 indicators, three indicator (public place, accessibility and efficiency) have the most effect on perception meaning quality. Amir Chaqmaq square has the best quality between Yazd squares. Referring to history and heritage was the main index in meaning quality of Amir Chaqmaq square.
Z. Aliyas,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
Leisure walking is known as one of the most common type of physical activity that perform in purpose of recreation or health, which in turn may affect resident’s health. Built environment, social and individual factors are known as the main factors that affect decision to walk, in this regards, the study aimed to investigate the influence of personal and social factors that prevent residents to walk for recreation or exercise in their neighborhoods. Hence the fear of crime and personal barriers were examined in the current research as social and personal factors respectively.
To collect the required data, 500 questionnaires by using systematic sampling were distributed from March to May 2016 in four residential neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas in Iran out which 411 questionnaire turned out to be qualified to be used in the study. The Smart-PLS was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that personal and fear of crime both have significant influence on the level of recreation and exercise walking in the neighborhood areas. The finding of this study can help urban and health researcher to know the significant influence of fear of crime and individual attitudes on the level of leisure walking activity, in addition, the findings of the study suggest that urban planners and designers as well as public health promoters need to highly consider the contribution of neighborhoods' social environment variables as well as individual variables to promote walking behavior changes among adult population.
M. Ghorbanian, F. Shariatpour,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Volume 29, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract
3D modeling and visualization in large-scale cities is a major difficulty for computer graphics. Studying photos of a big city reveals a variety of street patterns, buildings, shapes, and textures. This paper presents "procedural modeling" as a new approach to create three-dimensional modeling, especially for large-scale modeling. Procedural modeling deals with the production of semi-automatic (semi) content using a program or routine. This kind of modeling was historically utilized for 3D visualizing the natural properties, however, by releasing the CityEngine in 2008, the technology can easily be applied to urban environments as well. In this paper, this approach using a descriptive-analytical method will be examined, with particular emphasis on the extent to which procedural modeling is used in the design of cities, streets, buildings, etc., by CityEngine software. Therefore, while reviewing how architectural form grammars are used to generate 3D modeling procedures, two types of modeling including traditional and procedural modeling will be studied and compared and the benefits of procedural modeling will be revealed. After a description of the features of CityEngine, it will be introduced as a technique that follows procedural modeling. Finally, due to the advantages of procedural modeling, this type of modeling (algorithmic) is suggested as an alternative to manual modeling (traditional methods in urban design) to increase the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of the design and in addition, this will increase the flexibility of the design via this approach. In this regard, the workflow of the procedural modeling process will be provided using the CityEngine technique and a number of outputs of this technique that have been provided in the CGA will be presented.
Hamed Hamedani Golshan, Ghasem Motalebi, Mostafa Behzadfar,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 31, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
The main aim of the current paper is to shed light on space syntax theory and criticize its origins and fundamental thoughts.
In order to criticize the space syntax theory, this paper provides computational models of three residential layouts in the city of Tehran, Iran. The main question is how far space syntax theory is able to predict the movement and behavioral patterns of residents in a residential layout in Tehran. In other words, this research explores whether space syntax computational models can cover the behavioral patterns or there are gaps. The hypothesis is that although the configuration of settlements is the primary foundation to natural movements, it demands behavioral settings theory to interpret the behavioral-movement patterns. Comparing the Depth Map models with observations reveals that the configuration of residential layouts has a causal relation with the formation of spatial-physical structure. The integration analysis, based on the space syntax methodological–conceptual framework, is able to predict the general movement patterns of the residents. But when it comes to the behavioral patterns, the synomorphy between physics and behavior can perform a more accurate prediction. The behavioral settings theory by Roger Barker has developed the synomorphy in order to find the adaptations between physical environments and behaviors. The research findings nonetheless support the theoretical understanding that the urban environment’s spatial configuration provides a fundamental condition for the movement patterns but barely can offer a good interpretation for the micro-level behaviors by the residents.
Saber Sabouri, Niloufar Alinasab,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 31, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Nowadays, due to rapid urbanization, People can’t participate in outdoor activities. On the other hand, environmental issues such as climate change and heat stress have caused thermal dissatisfaction for users. In this regard, studying outdoor environments becomes crucial. In the present historical context, lack of responsive urban layout consequences not only morphological problems but also causes thermal dissatisfaction during the passages. The present study aims to find the responsive layout pattern for providing an approximate outdoor thermal comfort based on local criteria and limitations in summer and winter; which requires the minimum intervention in the current context. In this regard, we intend to represent three basic street patterns (Linear, Grid, and Circular) as alternative designs and attempt to localize them with the current urban layout. For analyzing the prototypes, we used Envi-met Beta software to compare the average amount of climatic factors, orientation, and H/W ratio for the alternatives. In addition, the PMV factor (=Predicted Mean Vote Model) was used as a measurement index of outdoor thermal comfort. According to the outcomes, the Radial pattern with dominant NE-SW oriented passages prepares adequate solar energy in the winter. Also, it could balance the high radiation during the summer, whereby provides optimal thermal satisfaction in both hot and cold seasons.
Fatemeh Farjamtalab, Hassan Sajadzadeh,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
This paper seeks to study the impacts of different dimensions of ICTs on urban design. Due to the inevitable digitalization of our lives which has a direct impact on urban design, it sounds that providing a redefinition of the concept of urban design is necessary. Although there are various studies about the impacts of ICTs on dimensions of cities, in this study, we consider the concept of urban design specifically. After reviewing various key aspects in urban design which were highlighted by practitioners and writers, eight dimensions were chosen to be investigated. These metrics include morphological, perceptual, social, visual, functional, temporal, environmental, and economic dimensions. We try to address digitalization in the sense that how urban design can help to bridge the science and process of urban design by investigating the impact of ICTs on a few key selected dimensions. This study aims to present a clear and compatible image of urban design in the digital era. The resulting changes from globalization are expected to update the process of urban design. The study presents a qualitative perception of the imperative-analytical technique through a content review and qualitative coding (open, axial, and selective coding) in the first part. We tried to assess the views in chronological order in an urban context to present an updated definition of urban design: urban design is a process of enhancing the qualities of urban environments which would be facilitated by using ICTs tools.
Sahand Lotfi, Mahsa Sholeh, Negar Imani,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Volume 32, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Shiraz, with its historical background, known as the capital of the Persian culture, once experienced a boom of international culture-led events using outdoor spaces as event venues. However, its outdoor vibrancy has withered gradually, and the use of public places as venues declined. Despite the existing dilemmas, a new wave of public place reclamation has created a strong trend towards using the spaces as outdoor venues. The main question of the research is what events are held in Shiraz year-round and how many of them are in public open spaces, and what events can be held in the public realm as outdoor. As in Iranian culture, the events and rituals follow the circular chronology of the Iranian, Islamic, and even Christian calendars; this article studies the events of a year-round time lap, making a clear typology in terms of places’ type and form. The listed events have been classified using the CHAID model adapted to identify the variety and temporality of the events that could occur outdoors. Finally, after categorizing the events, the spatial dispersion of events in the Shiraz urban area has been analyzed to reintroduce the existing platform for holding events and, with the help of the ‘Power of 10’ approach, the need to create or equip spaces and add venues to hold outdoor events in twelve urban ‘destinations’ has been emphasized.
Mahmud Rezaei,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Volume 32, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
This research explores the correlation between ‘walkability’ and the ‘sense of place’ in Tehran’s streets, particularly streets leading to the Imam Khomeini square (Maidan-e Tup-khana) at the heart of historic downtown. The goal is to evaluate the walkability through a measurable method in order to prioritize strategies to enhance various aspects of the historic districts. After reviewing the extensive urban design literature, 23 measures were selected and categorized into three aspects of the place: physical, perceptual, and behavioral. Data for each aspect were then gathered through structured questionnaires administered to diverse groups of experts. An expert panel, including 30 professionals from seven fields including urban planning, urban design, urban renewal, urban sociology, transportation, architecture, and urban management, rated the streets based on their confirmed criteria. Moreover, people have been consulted on the results proposed for the future of the district. This study concludes that the sense of the place will increase by enhancing walkability. The place quality has been more balanced in pedestrianized Bab-e-Homayoun. The panel agreed that Lalehzar Street had the first priority for improving its walkability. Complete Street is a proposed model for this street confirmed by people. This research, however, recommends at least ‘complete street’ patterns mixed with the pedestrianization model for the studied area which might be expanded to the whole historic downtown from Maidan-e Tup-khana to Arg (citadel), then toward the first and second Tehran’s fortifications. Here, Jabakhaneh Street works as the X-axis and Sabz-e-Meydan represents the Zero number of Tehran City.
Pradyut Anand, Prashant Kumar,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Volume 32, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
The performance-based design (PBSD) begins with defining performance goals. Performance-based seismic design accurately predicts the structure's performance during an earthquake. Recognizing and analyzing the structure's performance capacity is critical in performance-based design. This project was to do a PBSD on a (G+10) RCC construction. The building is first studied and built in STAAD PRO. Then, it was imported into the ETABS 2019 program to do a more detailed analysis of the displacement-controlled pushover analysis. The ETABS yields the structure's performance point, story displacement, capacity spectrum, Story drift, and demand spectrum. After the original design, a nonlinear pushover analysis is done to find out how well the building can withstand earthquakes and whether or not the goal was met, as well. In this research, we looked at the seismic code IS 1893 (Part 1) and the concrete design code IS 456: 2000 in order to make sure the building was safe. After obtaining all of the results, the structure's performance was compared for the various scenarios investigated and the optimal combination was determined.
Hosna Varmaghani,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 33, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Urban squares reflect urban planning cultures, and also to some extent even a reflection of overall nations’ cultures. Squares are microcosms of urban life, offering excitement and repose, markets and public ceremonies, a place to meet friends and watch the world go by. They have been shaped by popular whims, by topography and architectural fashion. Some grew piecemeal; others were planned at a stroke, as a symbol of power or the foundation stone of a new development. Here in this study effort is made to compare two selected cases from two different cultures, West vs. East - Savanna, Georgia, USA vs. Hamadan, Iran. In this comparison, the indicators of the biophilic city (pedestrian, nature-friendly, accessible and sociable city) have been considered. Descriptive analytical method was used to collect and classify the indicators and space syntax theory was used to analyze and compare the placing pattern of squares in urban contexts. The method of data collection was library and field survey and data analysis tool were UCL Depthmap software. The study of biophilic city in the two studied cities revealed differences and similarities that are effective in increasing theoretical understanding, recognizing anomalies and understanding how indicators work in these two different urban structures and contexts.
Masoud Shafiei-Dastjerdi, Azadeh Lak, Ali Ghaffari,
Volume 33, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Volume 33, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
One of the main goals of the resilient discourse in the recent urban design literature has been creating resilient places. Urban resilience is defined by the URFs (urban resilience features) for operation and realization in various fields. Due to continuous urban developments, there is a need to revise URFs with a place-based approach. URFs addressed in literature are so diverse that placing them into one single general list creates many contradictions and ambiguities. To reduce or eliminate inconsistencies in the definition of URFs and the qualitative performance of each URF in delivering urban resilience, this paper justifies the key factors for ordering and classifying URFs. In this study, a systematic review of the literature on urban resilience was performed in five stages using the Scopus databases within the 1973-February 2020 period. Then, 16 URFs, using three guidelines based on the corresponding evaluation of place and resilience, were identified and classified into three groups: (1) the intrinsic (internal) characteristics of the constituent components of a resilient system, (2) the behavioral proxies (proactive/reactive) of a resilient system and (3) the resilience-reinforcing attributes of a system in relation to the external environment. This study can shed light on the proper definition of urban resilience and its operational URFs.
Mahnoush Shahinrad, Mojtaba Rafieian, Mohammadraza Pourjafar,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Urban squares are pivotal in 21st-century cities, serving as communal hubs where individuals experience a genuine sense of belonging and community. However, recent redesigns of several squares in Iran have fallen short of expected quality standards. This inadequacy may stem from the prevalent reliance on design ideas shaped by casual observations and designers' personal experiences. While these observations and experiences hold significance, they lack the depth required to comprehend the intricacies of a successful urban square. A profound understanding of the relationship between a space's social and physical aspects and the activities therein necessitates tapping into the community's attitudes toward these spaces. Hence, the central aim of this study is an in-depth exploration of the multi-dimensionality inherent in people/space interaction, considering it as an attitude concept. To accomplish this, a meticulously chosen sample of five urban squares in Tehran serves as the focal point. Employing a 12-item scale, the study seeks to elucidate individuals' interactions with these urban squares and discern the features that resonate most strongly with them. Rigorous testing on a sample of 411 citizens who regularly utilize these Tehran urban squares ensures the scale's reliability and validity. The analysis of the data unveiled three discernible constructs governing individuals' interaction with urban squares, constituting their attitude concept: affective, cognitive, and conative. However, a nuanced hierarchy emerged, with the affective and cognitive constructs assuming higher importance compared to the moderately significant behavioral construct. Additionally, there were moderate correlations observed among these constructs. In the exploration of established psychological models on place, structural equation modeling (SEM) was instrumental. The Higher-Order model emerged as fitting, effectively capturing the intricate interplay between individuals and urban spaces. These findings bear significant implications for the design and management of urban squares. The key takeaway is the necessity of formulating tailored outreach policies and plans that prioritize elements resonating with users on an affective and cognitive level, shifting away from a sole reliance on instrumental responses tied to practical needs
Mahdi Montazerolhodjah, Mojtaba Sharifnejad,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
As one of the pivotal qualitative attributes inherent in urban neighborhoods, the sense of place functions as a crucial link between individuals and spatial settings, endowing locales with distinctive personality and identity. The incorporation of this concept into the framework of new urban developments, devoid of historical precedents, necessitates careful consideration of multifaceted factors, including but not limited to identity, vitality, memorability, sense of belonging, and place attachment. Regrettably, contemporary oversight in the conscientious establishment and cultivation of urban spaces, founded upon the principles of "sense of place" and "place attachment," coupled with a disregard for historical continuities, has given rise to adverse consequences. These consequences encompass the erosion of identity, diminishing residents' sense of connection to their surroundings, diminished social interactions, and a proliferation of various social detriments.
This present study endeavors to delve into the nuanced concept of the sense of place within newly developed urban environments. Specifically, it seeks to discern the factors influencing the genesis and enhancement of this phenomenon within such contexts through an exhaustive examination of three site and services areas situated in the city of Yazd, Iran. Employing a correlational research design, the study leverages statistical tools such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson Correlation tests, and stepwise regression analyses to elucidate the intensity and directionality of relationships between dependent and independent variables.
The findings of this investigation reveal that temporal considerations, the sense of belonging, the personal dependence of residents, and identity emerge as paramount variables exhibiting the highest correlation with the advancement of the sense of place in novel urban developments.
Analysing Vali-Asr Street Changing Trend in Meaning from the Users' Perspective, from 1925 until Now
Samaneh Jalilisadrabad, Anahita Tabaeian, Shaghayegh Parhizgar,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
The significance of urban streets lies in their role as the fundamental structure and framework of a city. Streets acquire extraordinary power as they endure the passage of time, accumulating special meanings and memories. This inherent strength is so influential that proper organization and utilization of existing streets can render the construction of new ones unnecessary. Valiasr, spanning 18 kilometers, stands as the longest street in Tehran and the Middle East. Beginning at the railway square in the south of Tehran at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, it extends to Tajrish square in the north, reaching an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level. The street boasts wide sidewalks, a sizable pond, and a line of ancient plane trees, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. Originating during the Qajar era (1785-1925), various segments of Valiasr were constructed to link the capital with city gates. In the early Pahlavi period (1925-1979), it was further developed to connect summer palaces to the city. The street's design, implemented without strict adherence to existing buildings, aimed to establish a direct connection between the north and south of Tehran. During this era, significant government and public structures, royal residences, and palaces were constructed along both sides of Valiasr in adherence to established construction regulations from 1928. This period also witnessed the construction of cultural buildings, public parks, gardens, universities, and medical centers. Following the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1979), Valiasr Street evolved into one of Tehran's traditional shopping centers and promenades, reflecting the city's dynamic cultural shifts. Each historical period of Iran has profoundly impacted Valiasr Street, shaping it into a symbol of Tehran's historical and cultural evolution. To delve into the changing trends and meanings associated with Valiasr Street from 1925 to the present, a comprehensive approach was adopted. A total of 100 street users, encompassing residents, pedestrians, traders, and various stakeholders, were interviewed on-site within the study area. Subsequent to these interviews, a meticulous analysis of the gathered data was conducted, facilitating the synthesis and preparation of a comprehensive diagram. The findings reveal that a multitude of factors, including functional, economic, social, political, and cultural elements, have contributed to the evolving mental imagery associated with Valiasr Street across distinct epochs. In its early existence until 1925, the perceptual influence of the observer led to Valiasr Street being conceived as a narrow garden alley nestled among the Qajar city gardens. Transitioning into the period between 1925 and 1979, the passage of time transformed its role into a communication route connecting newly constructed palaces. Moreover, the increasing influence of temporal dynamics, coupled with cultural and social components, elevated Valiasr Street into the consciousness of the populace, turning it into a cherished urban space among the residents of Tehran. The period from 1979 until the present marks a notable phase in the urban life of Valiasr Street. Following a period of stagnation, the street has undergone a revitalization, and the impact of all four meaning-forming components, with a particular emphasis on the temporal aspect, has led to its designation as a cultural heritage site of the city of Tehran in 2011. This recognition culminated in its inclusion in the list of national heritage sites.
Habib Sohrabiparsa, Hamed Mazaherian,
Volume 34, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Volume 34, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
Social stratification engenders intricate disparities within social strata, denoted as "differentiation" in accordance with Pierre Bourdieu's conceptual framework. Consequently, urban buildings exhibit diverse facades, thereby exerting a profound influence on the city's aesthetic presentation. This study elucidates the pivotal role assumed by architects in aligning residential building facades with the discernment of citizens, drawing from Bourdieu's differentiation theory. Employing an applied and qualitative approach, the research method underscores the purposeful nature of the inquiry. The findings of this research categorize the perspectives of most Iranian architects on the notion of "citizen's taste in residential buildings" into four overarching themes: "building structure," "facade harmony with climate," "facade alignment with building function," and "visual aesthetic appeal of the facade".
Morteza Nazarabadian, Mahdieh Razmaramina, Aliasghar Pilehvar,
Volume 34, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Volume 34, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
The central and historical textures of cities have always been considered primary manifestations of a city's history and identity. In recent decades, such textures have received growing attention from urban designers and policymakers through infill development. This study aims to model and design infill development based on urban design and policy-making approaches. The design approach includes four dimensions: objective aesthetics, mental-cognitive aesthetics, functional, and environmental aesthetics. The policy-making method comprises three dimensions: social capital, economic infrastructure, and assessing the situation of the local area. In this study, a mixed-method approach was used to measure and analyze quantitative and qualitative data. Data collection was conducted through interviews with experts in management, planning, and urban design. The discourse analysis technique was employed to refine the data obtained from the interviews and to complete the proposed models. Subsequently, the collected and refined criteria were analyzed based on the opinions of experts using MAXQDA software. The obtained model was then analyzed using MicMac software, considering experts' opinions to understand how the components affect each other, presented in the form of charts and analytical graphs. In the final step, approaches, dimensions, components, and indicators were modeled based on the importance of the components using Sankymatic software. The findings aim to present a practical model for infill development in the central and historical areas of Mashhad, as well as valuable textures of urban hubs, especially in the metropolises of Iran. Analyzing selected components in the modeling of infill development helps to provide effective strategies for valuable and central textures of cities that embody an urban identity. This study, in terms of urban planning (policy-making) and urban design (designing), presents reviews and analyses across different dimensions. Providing a comprehensive and efficient model with proposed solutions tailored to each component with the infill approach is considered a desirable method for developing valuable central and historical textures, particularly in metropolises. To date, no comprehensive model has been presented to explain the indicators of infill development from the perspectives of urban design and urban planning. This study articulates the approaches, dimensions, components, indicators, and corresponding proposed solutions in the form of a research model.
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