International Journal of

---

It is claimed that perception is the result of objective measurement and subjective reaction, when people immerse in an environment. This statement is the main theme of this paper. This study tries to set a framework in analyzing built environment that is to comply with human perceptive processes. The approach of this article presents a methodology to assess the perceptual environment . The paper initially reviews the literatures that deal with perception theory and perceptual procedures. As a case study, a part of historic Noghan Bazzar in Mashhad has been examined to understand how people's perception and behavior can be directly influenced by landscape features. To explore this relationship a research technique has been employed that employs perceptual assessment survey by experts. Some measures introduced in this paper are useful to understand how environmental qualities, as well as patterns and combinations of particular qualities, affect people’s perceptions of landscape. The outcomes would be the identification of a connection between the designed, physical aspects and the subjective sense of environment. The result of this study could be employed as a research technique to analyze the built environment in order to recommend design solutions, especially for valuable old heritage fabrics of cities that encompass common memorable spaces and convey common social values.

---

Redesigning Bazaar Physical Structure According to its Dealing Culture Structure
Case Study: Arab Bazaar in Ahvaz City

The Bazaar physical structure is formed from the arrangement syntax of division units, Interfaces, joints and boundaries to each other and the Arabic Bazaar also follows this example. This structure is the result of arrangement syntax of division units with linear pattern around an axis. Culture is a life style of people that fulfill their needs with its "pattern variable" based on the values of their culture. The Arabs as roles of buyers and sellers use a dealing pattern in this bazaar that is different from others. Interactions between each role lead to the formation of networks with different contents. The networks tie to each other and form dealing culture structures. The Current physical structures are not in accord with the dealing culture structure thus leading to irregularity. The changed structure of shops with the counter of vendors that put beside of shop can be indicate inappropriateness of physical structure and dealing culture structure with them in bazaar. The inappropriateness of two structure has led to irregularities in bazaar.
The aim of this research is to solve this problem by using the general structure connection model based on the system theory for physical structures. Therefore, the present research to achieve the associating of physical and cultural structure as the aim seek to answers these questions:
1. How can is designed the physical structure according to culture structure?
2. How can is designed form of components and their relations between them in physical structure according with networks and relations between them in culture structure?
3. How can is designed elements of components and relations between them in physical structure with content and pattern variable in culture structure?
 Hence the dealing culture structure in the Ahwaz Arab Bazaar was identified using the ethnographic method based on the network theory, and the results were used in the redesign of the physical structure. Culture regularity in the dealing networks is the result of this study that facilitates the dealing of goods and information in the bazaar. In this study, the framework was presented for use in the design process by network theory and Parsons' cultural theory that used mainly in sociological studies. The model of culture structure was extracted by output of ethnographic research method and interpretive method and it was used as one of the criteria for choosing of physical structure design. Creating the possibility of comparing physical body in correspondence with culture is other result of the culture structure model obtained. It is recommended to use the results obtained in redesigning other old bazaar.

---

Given that newly constructed commercial complexes and the trend toward luxury are negatively impacting socio-economic structures, it is essential to establish principles for sustainable development, with social considerations being a fundamental aspect. Applying the social elements of sustainable development is especially critical in historical and ancient contexts. As previously mentioned, both new and old commercial buildings often appear as stylish but empty structures devoid of businesses. The concept of public space and community perception is at odds with modern shopping centers, which differ significantly from traditional markets. This disparity arises because many modern shopping centers cater to specific social groups, defined by particular tastes and ages. This article aims to analyze the social aspects of bazaars and identify key sub-indicators of social sustainability to propose suitable solutions for future market designs. Bazaars are vital places with complex and extensive social significance, particularly in Iran. The study’s findings suggest that incorporating sustainable development indicators into urban design can significantly enhance productivity and foster a sense of community in emerging markets. The current study highlighted the impact of various attributes—physical, environmental, cultural, and social—on enhancing the sociability and spatial quality of the area. The study revealed that structural-semantic values, as a cultural feature, have the greatest influence on bazaar socialization, with an effective coefficient of 0.410. Other significant factors include physical attributes (0.381), socio-political-cultural components (0.285), visual exposure (0.264), physical quality (0.235), and social capital (0.255). Finally, the study proposed appropriate solutions, such as establishing access pathways, employing diverse shapes and proportions in design, creating visible depth, ensuring permeability at the margins, varying roof shapes, and revitalizing the marketplace system.