Sajad Moazen, Avideh Kamrani, Hosein Raie,
Volume 34, Issue 2 (4-2024)
Abstract
Shrines, as part of the most magnificent works of Islamic art, not only play an essential role in the social life of cities but also reflect the architecture and arts of their time. Sometimes, these buildings are grouped and have been constructed over various periods. In the present study, the shrine of Al-Kadhimiya is examined. The
Al-Kadhimiya shrine complex, located in Baghdad, includes the tombs of two Shiite Imams. The construction of this complex began in the ninth century. The oldest inscription in this collection dates back to 1519 AD. According to historical evidence, the structure was built during the Safavid period. However, the construction rules, proportions, and principles of covering the space, as well as the design of the dome and the surrounding porch, incorporate pre-Safavid (Azeri) and Timurid art styles. This raises the question: how can a comparative study of the dome of the Al-Kadhimiya shrine with similar examples from the Timurid period prove that the change in artistic styles is a gradual process and not necessarily subject to changes in government? Therefore, this study examines the following hypothesis: the historical discontinuation of governments does not directly affect the architectural structures related to the subsequent period, which instead follow a gradual developmental course. This article employs a historical research method and comparative analysis. It compares the Al-Kadhimiya shrine with two complexes: the shrine of the eighth Imam of the Shiites in Mashhad, Iran, and the tomb of Shah Nematullah Vali in Kerman, Iran, as well as other Timurid domes. The results indicate that architectural techniques and structures are not necessarily updated with changes in government but follow a gradual process.
