International Journal of

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Evidence of the past shows variation in human settlements. Nomadic house the” Black Tent” shows relationship between humans and the natural environment surrounding them. Black Tents are made of natural materials consistant with environmental conditions. This paper discusses nomadic living space of some Iranian tribes located in different regions to show their unique architecture and culture. Rediscovering different architecture to understand this particular modus in nomadic life which need migration between their summer and winter residences. Given the factthat Black tent material is approximate similar, after thorough study in seven tribes in different provinces of Iran, it has been revealed tha  general ideas concerning the set up and installation of the tents have been the same. However, Black tent shapes and forms are different in those regions. In this regard, documenting how Iranian nomadic tribes arrange their settlement and the methods of using vernacular material by them, seems to be a good way to preserve their architecture. The Black tent is a synergy of nature and human's creative power. Method of data collection include desk studies as well as observation and documentation of indigenous habitat patterns of Iranian nomads by field observations and  ethnographyEvidence of the past shows variation in human settlements. Nomadic house the” Black Tent” shows relationship between humans and the natural environment surrounding them. Black Tents are made of natural materials consistant with environmental conditions. This paper discusses nomadic living space of some Iranian tribes located in different regions to show their unique architecture and culture. Rediscovering different architecture to understand this particular modus in nomadic life which need migration between their summer and winter residences. Given the factthat Black tent material is approximate similar, after thorough study in seven tribes in different provinces of Iran, it has been revealed tha  general ideas concerning the set up and installation of the tents have been the same. However, Black tent shapes and forms are different in those regions. In this regard, documenting how Iranian nomadic tribes arrange their settlement and the methods of using vernacular material by them, seems to be a good way to preserve their architecture. The Black tent is a synergy of nature and human's creative power. Method of data collection include desk studies as well as observation and documentation of indigenous habitat patterns of Iranian nomads by field observations and  ethnography

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                   Abstract
                      Energy saving is one of significant issues in achieving sustainable development. This study compares the energy consumption of rural houses using local materials and new ones in Gilan province, in order to investigate the effects of using local materials and techniques on reducing the amount of energy consumption. The present research method is quantitative, in which the means of study, observation and computer simulation is used. In this regard, the features of vernacular and new rural houses of sub-mountainous areas of Gilan are investigated. Case study focuses on two houses located in foothills of Gilan. Design builder software is used to compare the amount of energy consumption of vernacular housing methods and the newer ones. The results of this study clarify that the amount of energy required for heating is much higher than the energy needed for cooling in this region, so the main focus should be on reducing the amount of required energy for heating. Based on the results of simulation, walls and roof are more sensitive to heat exchange. Galipoosh roof have reasonable function in terms of energy consumption, while Darvarchin wall wastes more energy than new materials.

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The consideration of environmental sustainability has permeated both conscious and subconscious realms throughout history. In the context of Boushehr city's historical architecture from the Qajar period, a myriad of sustainable residential structures attuned to the regional climate, ensuring occupants' thermal comfort, are evident. This sustainability, devoid of adherence to a specific theoretical framework, adeptly caters to the pragmatic needs of the building users. The primary objective of this study is to conceptualize the historical architectural composition of Boushehr, focusing on materials, and to conduct a thermal assessment of two structures, one historic and the other contemporary, within the city. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis of traditional and modern building materials in Boushehr was executed through the utilization of Ecotect and Energy Plus simulation software, complemented by extensive survey and on-site investigations. The findings of this analysis reveal that traditional building materials, beyond their inherent harmony with the regional climate, exhibit superior physical properties compared to their modern counterparts. While advancements in technology have enhanced the chemical and mechanical attributes of contemporary building materials over time, amalgamating the advantageous physical attributes of traditional materials renders the latter more environmentally sustainable. Despite the fact that rooms constructed with older materials exhibit a higher average monthly temperature than those utilizing modern materials, the diminished heating and cooling loads of the former contribute to positioning older residential structures as closer approximations to a more sustainable archetype.