International Journal of

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This research experimentally analyzes the issue of Sociopetaloid of architecture space. Sociopetal represents spaces where people come together or stay away from each other, and when they stay away from each other it is also called sociofugal. The research methodology was primarily compiled by presenting a pattern with a theoretical standpoint regarding the Sociopetaloid of space using hypothesis testing with a case study with the aid of polling, first on-site presence technique, then a cognition map tool and a questionnaire.7 public spaces were selected amongst 3 distinguished independent the university of science and technology(IUST) faculty buildings for the case study. The data underwent correlative analysis using the SPSS statistical software and meaningful relations were determined between the variables affecting Sociopetaloid. The following main results were achieved in this research: • The psychological-social factors of users directly influenced the Sociopetaloid of the public architecture space and were considered as an establisher. • Physical-spatial factors influence Sociopetaloid. This influence has two types one with "direct affordance" and another with "indirect affordance". • Sociopetaloid of public space is achieved with proper synthesis of the spatial- physical elements of architecture and psychological-social elements of users. This Sociopetaloid increases with a high synomorphy between the space physic and interpersonal behaviors.

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Traditional building technologies have much to teach us about how to design regionally appropriate structures. The Orosi is one of these useful technologies, which has been used for many centuries in order to control the harsh sunlight in Iran. This architectural element was rather important because the intensive solar radiation could easily damage valuable carpets used in most spaces in Persian buildings. The main question of this research was how much could the traditional Orosi windows reduce the harmful spectrums of sunlight? In order to investigate this effect, a combination of field study, laboratory measurements, and case study research method was applied. Nine Persian traditional Orosi windows were chosen as case studies and the windows’ geometric lattice (Gereh–Chini) and glazing color combinations were drawn and plotted. The experiment was carried out for carpeted and non–carpeted spaces. In order to measure the light transmission of the sample tinted glazing from the Orosi windows, a T80+ spectrophotometer was used. After calculating CIE and skin damage factors and visible transmittance for each piece of glass, an area weighting was used to calculate these factors for the entire Orosi. The results show a significant difference between CIE damage factors of the Orosis in carpeted and non–carpeted spaces where the carpeted spaces had the least amount of CIE damage factor.

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Outdoor spaces and their thermal condition is becoming a controversial issue in modern architecture and urbanism. It has a great effect on people who use the open spaces like campuses where many students from different cities spend most of their time. This research investigated the effect of SVF, MRT and PET in the two campuses namely: Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) and Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT). Thermal condition of campuses has diverse states due to their different level of shaded open spaces. PET is calculated via Rayman for thermal-comfort assessment in spring and summer, 2015. Subsequently, it was determined that by decreasing SVF to 0.4, Tmrt declines to 3.04°C. The variations of MRT's influence PETs drop. PET comparison in two campuses illustrates that in an average value of PET, there is 0.86°C dissimilarity between campuses in the warmest time of the year (July). IUST campus is 1.39°C cooler on the PET measure. In conclusion, increasing shaded spaces by increasing green spaces and trees can create cooler campuses. Integrated design of shaded open spaces with their architectural forms is recommended as a design strategy for the designers to create a responsive environment in terms of thermal comfort. By this means, cooler campuses are more prone to be used by students and their activities.

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Given the different climate conditions worldwide, the need for climate zone-based architectural designs is evident. This need is more felt, particularly in critical thermal conditions, and is the most important challenge for an architect. One of the main sub-climates that require a special design is the humid subtropical climate in which winters are cold and rainy, and usually, the ambient temperature is lower than the comfort zone, with hot and humid summers that demand a temperature drop to achieve a comfort zone. The most fundamental problem is thus to provide cooling and heating systems in such environments. Accordingly, the present work aims at providing critical climate conditions with potential solutions. Here, Sari, with a humid subtropical climate, was selected as a case study, and its thermal conditions were investigated utilizing Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) indices, and the Rayman model. The results of our first study question revealed that the percentage of days with thermal comfort was 16.9%. Also, 16.3% and 17% of the days had slight and mild cold stress, respectively. Subsequently, the results from data analysis indicated that the ventilation and dehumidification cooling systems can be considered the most appropriate passive methods. In addition, the elements of the indigenous architecture including Iwan, Talaar, upstairs house, and sloping roof, which all are rooted in the vernacular architecture of the city of Sari can be introduced as the most effective architectural solutions. Our findings are of great importance for architects and designers because such findings will guide the design of complex site conditions and even the building construction by considering the thermal comfort factor.