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Showing 3 results for Tehran.
Investigating Dimensions of People-Urban Space Interaction and its Influence on Design Priorities: Perspectives from Urban Squares in Tehran
Mahnoush Shahinrad, Mojtaba Rafieian, Mohammadraza Pourjafar,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Urban squares are pivotal in 21st-century cities, serving as communal hubs where individuals experience a genuine sense of belonging and community. However, recent redesigns of several squares in Iran have fallen short of expected quality standards. This inadequacy may stem from the prevalent reliance on design ideas shaped by casual observations and designers' personal experiences. While these observations and experiences hold significance, they lack the depth required to comprehend the intricacies of a successful urban square. A profound understanding of the relationship between a space's social and physical aspects and the activities therein necessitates tapping into the community's attitudes toward these spaces. Hence, the central aim of this study is an in-depth exploration of the multi-dimensionality inherent in people/space interaction, considering it as an attitude concept. To accomplish this, a meticulously chosen sample of five urban squares in Tehran serves as the focal point. Employing a 12-item scale, the study seeks to elucidate individuals' interactions with these urban squares and discern the features that resonate most strongly with them. Rigorous testing on a sample of 411 citizens who regularly utilize these Tehran urban squares ensures the scale's reliability and validity. The analysis of the data unveiled three discernible constructs governing individuals' interaction with urban squares, constituting their attitude concept: affective, cognitive, and conative. However, a nuanced hierarchy emerged, with the affective and cognitive constructs assuming higher importance compared to the moderately significant behavioral construct. Additionally, there were moderate correlations observed among these constructs. In the exploration of established psychological models on place, structural equation modeling (SEM) was instrumental. The Higher-Order model emerged as fitting, effectively capturing the intricate interplay between individuals and urban spaces. These findings bear significant implications for the design and management of urban squares. The key takeaway is the necessity of formulating tailored outreach policies and plans that prioritize elements resonating with users on an affective and cognitive level, shifting away from a sole reliance on instrumental responses tied to practical needs
Analysing Vali-Asr Street Changing Trend in Meaning from the Users' Perspective, from 1925 until Now
Samaneh Jalilisadrabad, Anahita Tabaeian, Shaghayegh Parhizgar,
Volume 33, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
The significance of urban streets lies in their role as the fundamental structure and framework of a city. Streets acquire extraordinary power as they endure the passage of time, accumulating special meanings and memories. This inherent strength is so influential that proper organization and utilization of existing streets can render the construction of new ones unnecessary. Valiasr, spanning 18 kilometers, stands as the longest street in Tehran and the Middle East. Beginning at the railway square in the south of Tehran at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, it extends to Tajrish square in the north, reaching an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level. The street boasts wide sidewalks, a sizable pond, and a line of ancient plane trees, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. Originating during the Qajar era (1785-1925), various segments of Valiasr were constructed to link the capital with city gates. In the early Pahlavi period (1925-1979), it was further developed to connect summer palaces to the city. The street's design, implemented without strict adherence to existing buildings, aimed to establish a direct connection between the north and south of Tehran. During this era, significant government and public structures, royal residences, and palaces were constructed along both sides of Valiasr in adherence to established construction regulations from 1928. This period also witnessed the construction of cultural buildings, public parks, gardens, universities, and medical centers. Following the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1979), Valiasr Street evolved into one of Tehran's traditional shopping centers and promenades, reflecting the city's dynamic cultural shifts. Each historical period of Iran has profoundly impacted Valiasr Street, shaping it into a symbol of Tehran's historical and cultural evolution. To delve into the changing trends and meanings associated with Valiasr Street from 1925 to the present, a comprehensive approach was adopted. A total of 100 street users, encompassing residents, pedestrians, traders, and various stakeholders, were interviewed on-site within the study area. Subsequent to these interviews, a meticulous analysis of the gathered data was conducted, facilitating the synthesis and preparation of a comprehensive diagram. The findings reveal that a multitude of factors, including functional, economic, social, political, and cultural elements, have contributed to the evolving mental imagery associated with Valiasr Street across distinct epochs. In its early existence until 1925, the perceptual influence of the observer led to Valiasr Street being conceived as a narrow garden alley nestled among the Qajar city gardens. Transitioning into the period between 1925 and 1979, the passage of time transformed its role into a communication route connecting newly constructed palaces. Moreover, the increasing influence of temporal dynamics, coupled with cultural and social components, elevated Valiasr Street into the consciousness of the populace, turning it into a cherished urban space among the residents of Tehran. The period from 1979 until the present marks a notable phase in the urban life of Valiasr Street. Following a period of stagnation, the street has undergone a revitalization, and the impact of all four meaning-forming components, with a particular emphasis on the temporal aspect, has led to its designation as a cultural heritage site of the city of Tehran in 2011. This recognition culminated in its inclusion in the list of national heritage sites.
The Impact of Building Height on Microclimate Characteristic of Urban Open Spaces (Case Study: Narmak neighborhood)
Hadi Rezaei Rad, Zahra Khodaei, Mohammad Mehdi Ghiai,
Volume 33, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Urban planning and morphology are one of the most important factors affecting land surface temperature (LST) and microclimate chrematistics. The production of anthropogenic heat, mainly for cooling systems and lighting, has resulted in significant impacts on the quality of the thermal environment. These impacts include poor air quality, increased temperatures, higher energy consumption, and the development of urban heat islands (UHIs). With the growing urban population and increased building height, especially in metropolitan areas, there have been significant changes in the urban geometry, rate of pollution, amount of heat released, and meteorological parameters. All these factors contribute to the heat island phenomenon and significantly alter the microclimate in urban areas. The goal of this article is measuring the effects of height changes in buildings around Tehran metropolitan squares in a detailed plan on microclimatic changes. As part of a research study, the Hafthoz Square in Tehran was chosen as a case study. The researchers used a combination of simulation techniques (Envi-met) and GIS to detect the spatial variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and determine its quantitative relationship with building height and density. This was achieved through simulation modeling for the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. As Conclusion, the results indicate that comparison on the simulation between the existing conditions and proposed scenario area showed that in the proposed scenario, wind speed and relative humidity decrease and ground surface temperature (UHI) and PPD and PMV indices increase. Therefore, if the detailed plan of Tehran metropolis is realized and implemented in many squares, it will be accompanied by changes in micro-climatic parameters in order to reduce the thermal comfort of citizens.
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