International Journal of

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Today’s housing, as a private realm of human life, has changed in comparison with the past which was made regardless of quality, desirability, and lack of paying attention to the human needs and its psychological consequences; That is to say, residential units have turned into a set of closed spaces and their open and semi-open spaces have been merged into the urban spaces which disrupted their fundamental functions. In such a situation, reviewing and paying special attention to these spaces together with closed spaces in Tehran is really necessary. But this question is proposed that what are the indicators affecting the quality of open and semi-open spaces in contemporary housing? And how much do they affect the quality of these spaces? This research has a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) method which is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection method it is of descriptive-analytical and survey type. The statistical population includes 380 inhabitants in residential apartments in the Zafaranieh neighborhood of Tehran. After collecting field information through the questionnaire, the indicators affecting open and semi-open spaces, including: functional, behavioral, physical, environmental, social and perceptual-semantic by using statistical analysis software were analyzed. To investigate the significance of relationship between the mean difference of the scores of the effective indicators, the one sample T-test method and intragroup one-way analysis of variance have been used; the results obtained from the research showed that in the open and semi-open spaces of residential apartments in the Zafaranieh neighborhood, the physical, environmental and behavioral indicators with the mean score of 4.17, 3.52 and 3.22, respectively, have somewhat more favorable and more appropriate situation than other indicators, and currently their efficiency ratio is at moderate limit. However, the functional, social and perceptual-semantic indicators with the mean score of 2.68, 2.57 and 2.21, respectively, are in an unfavorable and inappropriate situation, and their efficiency ratio is at weak limit.

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Temporary accommodation is a necessary measure for various purposes that can be used by the homeless after events such as floods, earthquakes, and wars. Depending on the location of the disaster, temporary shelter users may have different groups of people with different attitudes and social, cultural, and climatic conditions. The incompatibility of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of temporary housing with the conditions leads to the dissatisfaction of the users and increases the psychological consequences of the disaster for them. Hence, the concept of flexibility in such situations is proposed to solve current problems and increase the responsiveness and desirability of temporary housing. The main question of the article is how to design flexible temporary housing with the help of digital tools. This paper seeks to provide a flexible physical model for improving the quality of temporary accommodation and responding to the different needs of different residents through digital tools. To achieve the goal and solve major problems in the design of temporary housing, digital design techniques can be very useful because the subject of the design has many limitations and expectations.
This is a practical study and a review of the literature and its theoretical foundations have been prepared through library documents and research. According to the studies and components obtained from the literature review, a parametric and modular design approach to achieve a flexible physical model through a user-friendly method is proposed. From both design and evaluation perspectives, the Space Syntax Toolkit is used to obtain diagrams and basic information for designing responsive designs in terms of social and cultural components, and the Galapagos and Grasshopper plugins in the Rhinoceros environment for optimization. The minimum and standard dimensions of the Ladybug and Bee plugin are also used in the Grasshopper environment for climatic evaluation of the proposed physical models in the four cities of Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd, and Bandar Abbas.
The results of this article indicate that the rectangular modules with an area of 6 square meters have the maximum ability to provide different patterns for the temporary housing plan according to the needs and tastes of users. Expandable modules are also an effective solution for the optimal use of the minimum dimensions in the plan, which can meet the climate needs according to the climate data of the four cities.