Showing 2 results for Urban Open Spaces
Hadi Rezaei Rad, Zahra Khodaei, Mohammad Mehdi Ghiai,
Volume 33, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
Urban planning and morphology are one of the most important factors affecting land surface temperature (LST) and microclimate chrematistics. The production of anthropogenic heat, mainly for cooling systems and lighting, has resulted in significant impacts on the quality of the thermal environment. These impacts include poor air quality, increased temperatures, higher energy consumption, and the development of urban heat islands (UHIs). With the growing urban population and increased building height, especially in metropolitan areas, there have been significant changes in the urban geometry, rate of pollution, amount of heat released, and meteorological parameters. All these factors contribute to the heat island phenomenon and significantly alter the microclimate in urban areas. The goal of this article is measuring the effects of height changes in buildings around Tehran metropolitan squares in a detailed plan on microclimatic changes. As part of a research study, the Hafthoz Square in Tehran was chosen as a case study. The researchers used a combination of simulation techniques (Envi-met) and GIS to detect the spatial variation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) and determine its quantitative relationship with building height and density. This was achieved through simulation modeling for the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. As Conclusion, the results indicate that comparison on the simulation between the existing conditions and proposed scenario area showed that in the proposed scenario, wind speed and relative humidity decrease and ground surface temperature (UHI) and PPD and PMV indices increase. Therefore, if the detailed plan of Tehran metropolis is realized and implemented in many squares, it will be accompanied by changes in micro-climatic parameters in order to reduce the thermal comfort of citizens.
Davood Vafadari Komarolya, Mohsen Kafi, Mahdi Khansefid, Jessica Ann Diehl,
Volume 34, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Landscapes and urban green spaces, particularly urban parks, are among the most crucial urban areas. Therefore, planning and designing urban parks to offer appropriate services under various conditions, including during infectious disease pandemics, is essential and ensures citizens' health. This study aimed to bridge the gap between urban park design and pandemic needs by proposing design criteria based on expert opinions to meet park users' health needs during a pandemic. A questionnaire with seven questions was developed to establish these criteria, resulting in a total of 28 criteria. After collecting the questionnaires, the data were extracted, and the frequency of each option was determined. The criteria for designing urban parks under pandemic conditions were then ranked by importance. Our research identified three of the most important criteria: implementing an electronic queuing system in buffets or restaurants to eliminate customer lines, installing automatic hand sanitizers throughout the park, and equipping drinking fountains with smart valves to minimize hand contact. An additional 25 criteria were also prioritized. Designers and urban planners can utilize these criteria to create or redesign parks that are better suited for pandemic conditions compared to current parks
