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Seismic ground motion is profoundly affected by geometrical and mechanical properties of soil deposits overlaying bedrock.

Local seismic ground response of saturated soil deposits was studied in literature by applying the effects of soil stress state

and index properties on the strain-dependent normalized shear modulus reduction, G/G0, and damping ratio, D, curves in an

equivalent linear analysis. However, experimental investigations revealed that, G0, G/G0, and D of unsaturated soils are

influenced by stress state as well as suction. This study presents the results of linear and equivalent linear seismic ground response

analysis of unsaturated soil deposits incorporating suction effects on G/G0 and D curves. Seismic ground response analyses were

done with the computer program EERA for three sets of soil profiles, which are included in saturated, constant and linearly

variable suction unsaturated soil deposits. The results of current study present the magnitude of variation in natural frequency,

amplification ratio and spectral acceleration of unsaturated soil deposits.

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This paper presents time domain fundamental solutions for the extended Biot's dynamic formulations of two-dimensional (2D) unsaturated poroelasticity. Unsaturated porous media is considered as a porous media in which the voids are saturated with two immiscible fluids, i.e. liquid and gas. At first, the corresponding explicit Laplace transform domain fundamental solution is obtained in terms of skeleton displacements, as well as liquid and gas pressures. Subsequently, the closed-form time domain fundamental solutions are derived by analytical inversion of the Laplace transform domain solutions. Finally, a set of numerical results are presented which verifies the accuracy of the analytically inversed transient fundamental solution and demonstrates some salient features of the elastic waves in unsaturated media..

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In this article, general procedures for vulnerability assessment and retrofitting of a generic seismically designed bridge are outlined and the bridge’s damage criteria for blast resistance are explained. The generic concrete bridge is modeled and analyzed with the finite element technique implemented in ANSYS LS-DYNA environment and explosion threats are categorized into three main levels. Uncoupled dynamic technique is adopted to apply the blast loads on the bridge structure, damage and performance levels are resulted based on quantitatively verified damage mechanisms for the bridge members. The results show that, amongst different loading scenarios, the explosions that happen under deck are more critical comparing to blasts initiating from over deck sources. Furthermore, two retrofitting methods 1) concrete filled steel tube (CFST) and 2) concrete jacket are applied on the bridge columns. The program AUTODYN is used with coupled dynamic analysis of a column to compare the effectiveness of each method. Afterward, more efficient method for a column is applied to the whole bridge and its efficiency is revaluated. It is shown that CFST can decrease concrete spall, scabbing, rotation, displacements and shear forces more than the concrete jacket. Considering the proposed damage and performance levels, the bridge retrofitted with CFST reacts with lower damage level and higher performance level to blast loads.