Showing 9 results for Ductility
Kheyr Aldin A., Mortezaei A.r.,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2004)
Abstract
Structural walls are used extensively in moderate- and high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads induced by earthquakes. The seismic performance of many buildings is, therefore, closely linked to the behavior of the reinforced concrete walls. The analytical models used in this paper are developed to study the push-over response of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls andinvestigate the influence of the flange walls on laterally loaded walls and nonlinear behavior of shear walls, namely strength, ductility and failure mechanisms. A layered nonlinear finite element method is used to study the behavior of T-shaped and rectangular (barbell) shear walls. This paper introduces a computer program to practically study three-dimensional characteristics of reinforced concrete wall response by utilizing layered modeling. The program is first verified bysimulated and reported experimental response of 3-D reinforced concrete shear walls. Subsequently, a study considering eighteen analytical test specimens of T-shaped and barbell shear walls is carried out. Finally, based on analytical results, a new equation for minimum ratio of shear wall area to floor-plan area is proposed.
Ghodrati Amiri G., Sedighi S.,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2004)
Abstract
In the past decade design procedure changed to �performance-based design� from�force-based design�, by this mean many researchers focused on nonlinear static analysis (NSA)and the procedure named �PUSHOVER�. Advantages of this method are defining the inelasticbehavior of structure without nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) effort and also defining plastichinges formation in critical elements, and the order of formed plastic hinges. In spite of these goodadvantages NSA is limited to short and planar structures and application of that in tall andtorsionaly asymmetric structures may yield unreliable results.In this study reliability of NSA is investigated by performing both nonlinear static and dynamicanalysis on six 2D moment resisting concrete frames. Non linear dynamic analysis has been doneby the suggested method in FEMA356 guideline called �Target Displacement Method�. A groupof 4 different lateral increasing loads were used in pushover analysis and 3 different groundmotions were applied in NDA. Results indicate that same responses can be obtained by performingNSA, but errors will be increased by frames height increment.
Khalou A.r., Ghara Chour Lou A.,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2005)
Abstract
This paper presents the results of analytical studies concerning the flexuralstrengthening of reinforced concrete beams by external bonding of high-strength lightweightcarbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates to tension face of the beam. Three groups of beamswere tested analytically and compared with existing experimental results. Results of the numericalanalyses showed that, although addition of CFRP plates to the tension face of the beam increasesthe strength, it decreases the beam ductility. Finite element modeling of fifteen different beams in aparametric study indicates that steel area ratio, CFRP thickness, CFRP ultimate strength andelastic modulus considerably influence the level of strengthening and ductility.
S. Eshghi, V. Zanjanizadeh,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (9-2007)
Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on seismic repair of damaged square reinforced
concrete columns with poor lap splices, 90-degree hooks and widely spaced transverse bars in
plastic hinge regions according to ACI detailing (pre.1971) and (318-02) using GFRP wraps. Three
specimens were tested in “as built” condition and retested after they were repaired by glass fiberreinforced
plastic sheets. They were tested under numerous reversed lateral cyclic loading with a
constant axial load ratio. FRP composite wraps were used for repairing of concrete columns in
critically stressed areas near the column footings. Physical and mechanical properties of composite
wraps are described. Seismic performance and ductility of the repaired columns in terms of the
hysteretic response are evaluated and compared with those of the original columns. The results
indicated that GFRP wraps can be an effective repair measure for poorly confined R/C columns
due to short splice length and widely spaced ties with 90-degree anchorage hooks. Both flexural
strength and ductility of repaired columns were improved by increasing the existing confinement in
critical regions of them.
M.kazem Sharbatdar,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
FRPs (fiber reinforced polymer) possess many favorable characteristics suitable and applicable for
construction industry when compared with steel reinforcement. There are new ideas to use FRPs as
longitudinal or transverse reinforcement for new concrete elements particularly for bridge decks or beams.
Although high tensile strength of FRP is main characteristic for applications at both areas, its weakness to
bending and linear stress-strain behavior with virtually no ductility, makes it vulnerable to probably
premature failures under reversal tension-compression loading during earthquake. A pilot research project
has been conducted to explore the characteristics of large-scale cantilever concrete beams reinforced with
FRP re-bars and grids and were tested under either simulated cyclic loading or monotonically increasing
lateral loading. This paper presents the test parameters and results obtained during research. The analytical
relationships are compared with those recorded experimentally, and test results showed the diagonal cracks
and either rupturing of FRP bars in tension or stability failure in compression bars at long or short shear span
beams. The comparison of nominal moment capacities between analytical and experimental values confirms
that plane section analysis is applicable to FRP reinforced concrete members.
A.r. Rahai, M.m. Alinia, S.m.f Salehi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (3-2009)
Abstract
Concentric bracing is one of the most common lateral load resistant systems in building frames, and are
applied to many structures due to their manufacturing simplicity and economics. An important deficiency in the
bracing members is their irregular hysteretic loops under cyclic loading. In order to overcome this problem, it is
advised to restrain braces against buckling under compression, since buckling restrained frames dissipate a large
amount of energy. One method to restrain braces against buckling is to cover them with concrete. A proper covering
can prevent the core from buckling and provide similar capacities whether in tension or compression which would
produce regular hysteric curves. In this study, the behavior of buckling restrained braces (BRB) has been investigated
by considering different types of surrounding covers. The steel core is encased in concrete with different coverings. The
covering types include steel tubes, PVC pipes, and FRP rolled sheets. Experimental and numerical analyses were
implemented. According to the results, PVC pipes and FRP sheets are suitable alternatives to steel pipes. Furthermore,
the behavior of several types of steel cores was assessed since, applying steel with high ductility promotes the energy
dissipation of the brace. Finally, the effect of the separating layer between the steel core and the concrete on the
performance of bracing was evaluated.
M. Mohamamdi Ghazimahalleh, R. M. Ghazimahalleh,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2013)
Abstract
A new type of infilled frame has been recently proposed. It has a frictional sliding fuse, horizontally installed at the mid-height of the infill. It has already shown that such infilled frames have higher ductility, strength and damping ratio as well as more enhanced hysteresis cycles, compared with regular infilled frames. This experimental paper is focused on the influence of gravitational load on the behaviour of the fused infill panel. Furthermore, a repairing method in which damaged specimens are repaired by grout plasters is also studied. The results show that the gravitational load, applied to the surrounding frame of the infill for the dead or live loads, arises the ultimate strength of the fused infill specimens. It is also shown that repairing the failed specimen by grout was so efficient that the repaired specimen had greater strength than the original one. However, top gap, between the infill and the top beam of the enclosing frame should be absolutely avoided, because it decays the ultimate strength.
F. Tootoonchy, B. Asgarian, F. Danesh,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2015)
Abstract
Despite the rapid growth of engineering science especially in the modern structural engineering and application of new materials in civil engineering, a significant percentage of world population in different countries are living in adobe buildings made from mud-bricks. In this paper, by performing experimental study on scaled mud-brick walls under monotonic load, in-plane behavior of the walls have been investigated for different levels of vertical load. After recognizing damage mechanisms from experiment, a simple retrofitting method has been presented to upgrade wall performance. Experimental behavior of retrofitted walls was also studied. The proposed retrofitting method consists of using polypropylene lace and tarpaulin belts. As a result, a better performance of the walls in terms of shear capacity, ductility and energy absorption are observed by using proposed retrofitting method. Meanwhile, Proposed retrofitting method has significant effect in rocking mechanism delay and prevention of wall sudden collapse.
Saeid Sabouri-Ghomi, Barash Payandehjoo,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Abstract The Drawer Bracing System (DBS) is a ductile bracing system that is developed to enhance the seismic performance of braced frames. The system is composed of three parallel plates that are attached together via transfer plates at right angle. Seismic energy is dissipated through the formation of flexural plastic hinges at the two ends of the transfer plates. The parallel plates must have adequate strength and stiffness to prevent global buckling and to remain elastic while transferring forces to transfer plates. Height, width, thickness and the number of the transfer plates may be varied to achieve the desired strength and stiffness of the system. In contrast to common bracing systems, the main advantage of a DBS is the conversion of the axial forces to flexural moments in the dissipating elements. In the present paper, the nonlinear shear response of the DBS is predicted via closed-form formulas for calculation of strength, stiffness and post-yield behavior of the system. These formulations are based on both experimental observations and theoretical analysis. The calculated force-displacement backbone curve is verified to be a very good approximation for predicting the nonlinear shear response of the system.
