Showing 99 results for Supply
Arash Khosravi, Seyed Reza Hejazi, Shahab Sadri,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (11-2017)
Abstract
Managing income is a considerable dimension in supply chain management in current economic atmosphere. Real world situation makes it inevitable not to design or redesign supply chain. Redesign will take place as costs increase or new services for customers’ new demands should be provided. Pricing is an important fragment of Supply chain due to two reasons: first, represents revenue based each product and second, based on supply-demand relations enables Supply chain to provide demands by making suitable changes in facilities and their capacities. In this study, Benders decomposition approach used to solve multi-product, multi-echelon and multi-period supply chain network redesign including price-sensitive customers.
Sasan Khalifehzadeh, Mohammad Bagher Fakhrzad,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Production and distribution network (PDN) planning in multi-stage status is commonly complex. These conditions cause significant amount of uncertainty relating to demand and lead time. In this study, we introduce a PDN to deliver the products to customers in the least time and optimize the total cost of the network, simultaneously. The proposed network is four stage PDN including suppliers, producers, potential entrepots, retailers and customers with multi time period horizon with allowable shortage. A mixed integer programming model with minimizing total cost of the system and minimizing total delivery lead time is designed. We present a novel heuristic method called selective firefly algorithm (SFA) in order to solve several sized especially real world instances. In SFA, each firefly recognizes all better fireflies with more brightness and analyses its brightness change before moving, tacitly. Then, the firefly that makes best change is selected and initial firefly moves toward the selected firefly. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is examined with solving several sized instances. The results indicate the adequate performance of the proposed algorithm.
Gholamreza Gholampour, Abdul Rahman Bin Abdul Rahim, Faezeh Gholampour,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Nowadays, automakers have faced complexity of supply chain that have to improve procedures and processes in order to access high performance in both strategic and operational. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate model of strategic performance of supply chain (SPSC), which include information technology (IT), organizational learning (OL), and Product innovation (PRI) via qualitative research. In fact, this research follows how these factors effect on SPSC. IRANKHODRO Company (IKCO) as the biggest automaker in Middle East is our case study in order to research and evaluate mentioned model. A total number of 12 interviews were done based on a list of semi-structured open-ended questions in order to evaluate constructs and model. The development of constructs in IKCO according to respondents’ opinion was classified at three categories including high, medium and low levels. In high level, IT has been developed in IKCO more than another constructs, which consists of development of ORACLE system, SAP and KANBAN in order to cover information, procedures and processes across supply chain. While SPSC has been developed less than others.
Fatemeh Bayatloo, Ali Bozorgi-Amiri,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Development of every society is incumbent upon energy sector’s technological and economic effectiveness. The electricity industry is a growing and needs to have a better performance to effectively cover the demand. The industry requires a balance between cost and efficiency through careful design and planning. In this paper, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented for the design of electricity supply chain networks. The proposed network consists of power stations, transmission lines, substations, and demand points. While minimizing costs and maximizing effectiveness of the grid, this paper seeks to determine time and location of establishing new facilities as well as capacity planning for facilities. We use chance constraint method to satisfy the uncertain demand with high probability. The proposed model is validated by a case study on Southern Khorasan Province’s power grid network, the computational results show that the reliability rate is a crucial factor which greatly effects costs and demand coverage.
Javad Asl-Najafi, Saeed Yaghoubi, Amir Azaron,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
In recent years, comprehensive researches have provided ample support for the supply chains in the coordinated decision-making framework. However, the issue of closed-loop supply chain coordination considering various transportation modes has not yet been addressed in the literature. In this paper, a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated in which the manufacturer acts as a Stackelberg leader and the retailer plays follower role. All transportation activities between the channel members are carried out via two transportation types including the economic and green modes. First, the proposed problem is examined under the decentralized and centralized settings. Then, a mathematical modeling is developed to coordinate the decisions related to retail price, collection effort, and ratio of transportation mode selection. Finally, some numerical examples are applied with the aim of analyzing the performance of decentralized, centralized, and coordinated decision-making structures. The results reveal that not only the Pareto optimal solution is achievable for both channel members but also the coordination scheme has sufficient efficiency to reach the best solution up to the centralized setting.
Goortani Elahe Mohagheghian, Fakhrzad Bagher Fakhrzad,
Volume 30, Issue 1 (3-2019)
Abstract
Supply chain members coordinate with each other in order to obtain more profit. The major mechanisms for coordination among supply chain echelons are pricing, inventory management, and ordering decisions. This paper concerns these mechanisms in a multi-echelon supply chain consisting of multiple suppliers, one manufacturer, and multiple retailers in order to study the price and leadtime competition, where the make-to-order production mode is employed and consumers are sensitive to retail price and leadtime. In the current study, a novel inventory model is presented, where the manufacturer has an exclusive supplier for every required component of its final product. The interactions and decisions of the firms are observed in multiple time periods. Moreover, each supply chain member has equal power and make their decisions simultaneously. The proposed model considers the relationships among three echelon supply chain members based on a non-cooperative Nash game with pricing and inventory decisions. An iterative solution algorithm is proposed to find Nash equilibrium point of the game. Several numerical examples are presented to study the application of the model as well as the effectiveness of the algorithm. Finally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is performed and some important managerial insights are highlighted.
Malieheh Ebrahimi, Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, Fariborz Jolai,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Customization is increasing so build-to-order systems are given more attention to researchers and practitioners. This paper presents a new build-to-order supply chain model with multiple objectives that minimize the total cost and lead time, and maximize the quality level. The model is first formulated in a deterministic condition, and then investigated the uncertainty of the cost and quality by the stochastic programming based on the scenario. The return policy and outsourcing are the new issues in a build-to-order supply chain by considering the cost and inventory. A Benders decomposition algorithm is used to solve and validate the model. Finally, the related results are analyzed and compared with the results obtained by CPLEX for deterministic and stochastic models.
Akbar Rahimi, Abbas Raad, Akbar Alamtabriz, Alireza Motameni,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Nowadays, Military products of superpowers countries have a high level of diversity, delivery speed, and appropriative operational functionality. Therefore, Production of varied, high quality and high speed delivery military products, is essential for enhance Iran's defensive deterrence power.
Defense industries supply chain agility is an answer to how to produce military products with these features. This paper, with the aim of providing supply chain agility model in defense industries, first, identifies the most important supply chain agility practices, Then, using factor analysis, categorizes the practices and validates them based on structural equation modeling (SEM) and finally, using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), presents a model that shows the relationships and hierarchy between these practices. The results show that out of a total of 62 practices introduced in the previous research for agile supply chain, 41 practices in the agility of the supply chain of defense industries are effective. These practices were classified in 8 categories include supplier relationship, workshop level management, organizational structure improvement, human resource management, product designing, improve and integrate the process, application of information technology, and customer relationship. Improvement of organizational structure was at the lowest level of the model. Therefore, managers first should focus on it.
Seyyed-Mahdi Hosseini-Motlagh, Mina Nouri-Harzvili, Roza Zirakpourdehkordi,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Naser Safaei, Shahnaz Piroozfar, Seyedehfatemeh Golrizgashti,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Supply chain management is a set of used methods for the efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and sellers to response customer requirements to reduce system costs and to distribute products at the right place and right time. This study aims to identify and rank the supply chain damages using the analytic network process as a practical case in a fast moving consumer goods (FMCG-food industry) company. Firstly the supply chain damages are explored according to literature review. In the next step the most important damages are identified into four cluster of supply include
supply, production, distribution and support. Then, the weight of each identified damages based on its effects on other damages are calculated by using the analytic network process approach. According to results, the most important supply chain damages are logistics, distribution, competition and changing market tastes. The obtained results can provide practical discussion and solutions for similar companies to improve your market share and customer satisfaction.
Ali Borumand, Morteza Rasti-Barzoki,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
In this paper, greening, pricing, and advertising policies in a supply chain will be examined with government intervention. The supply chain has two members. First, a manufacturer seeking to determine the wholesale price and the greening level and second, a retailer that has to determine the advertising cost and the retail price. The government is trying to encourage the manufacturer to green the production using subsidies. Using the game theory, at first, the demand function and the profit functions of both members are introduced, then in a dynamic game, their Stackelberg equilibrium is calculated. Sensitivity and parameter analysis are made to more illustration of the problem. We found the supply chain profit function behavior and results show that if the sensitivity of demand-price is less than a specific value, the manufacturer will not participate in greening policies.
Hanieh Adabi, Hamid Mashreghi,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
In this research, we analyze a supply chain involving two competing manufacturers that sells their product through two common competing retailers. The manufacturers’ products are the same but with different brand in market. The retailers face stochastic demand where demand is a decreasing function of price with additive uncertain part. Manufacturers compete on supplying orders where retailers compete on selling price. Each manufacturer set wholesale price contract with retailers similarly. We examine supply chain coordination with wholesale price contract under competition and demand uncertainty. The analytical results show that under coordination condition, manufacturers do not obtain any positive profit and consequently the retailers intend to increase wholesale prices. On the other hand, manufacturers can increase wholesale prices until the retailers’ profit becomes zero. Hence, with a numerical study for actual cases, it is found that changing demand sensitivity and competition intensity affect the optimal decisions of ordering and pricing. Moreover, increasing in competition sensitivity, increase the supply chains’ efficiency, stocking level and selling price. The concluding remarks show that further investigation is required for possibility of coordination under competition by other contractual mechanisms.
Elham Moazzam Jazi, Hadi Abdollahzadeh Sangroudi,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (3-2020)
Abstract
Biofuels production systems are identified as a potential solution in responding to the ever-increasing energy consumption demand. The complexity of conversion process and supply chain of these systems, however, can make the commercialization of biofuels less attractive, so designing and management of an efficient biofuel supply chain network can resolve this issue. Hence, this paper proposes a multi-period hybrid generation biomass-to-biofuel supply chain considering environmental, economic and technology considerations. The objective is to maximize the total profit that biofuel producers can make with practical constraints including the biomass supply, the capacity of facilities, storage, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and transportation with limited capacity. To highlight the applicability of the proposed model, it is applied to a biomass-derived liquid fuel supply system in the southern region of Iran. In the case study, wheat and wheat stem are simultaneously considered as the first- and second-generation of feedstocks for biodiesel production. Sensitivity analyses show that available biomasses can have a significant impact on the profitability of this supply chain. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed model in biodiesel supply chain design.
Roza Babagolzadeh, Javad Rezaeian, Mohammad Valipour Khatir,
Volume 31, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract
Sustainable supply chain networks have attracted considerable attention in recent years as a means of dealing with a broad range of environmental and social issues. This paper reports a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for use in the design of a sustainable closed loop supply chain network under uncertain conditions. The proposed model aims to minimize total cost, optimize environmental impacts of establishment of facilities, processing and transportation between each level as well as social impacts including customer satisfaction. Due to changes in business environment the uncertainty existed in the research problem, in this paper the chance constrained fuzzy programming approach applied to cope with uncertainties in parameter of the proposed model. Then the proposed multi-objective model solves as single-objective model using LP-metric method.
Tahere Hashemi, Ebrahim Teimoury, Farnaz Barzinpour,
Volume 31, Issue 3 (9-2020)
Abstract
Retailers selling fresh products often encounter unsold inventory remains at the end of each period. The leftover product has a lower perceived quality than the new product. Therefore, retailers try to influence consumers’ preferences through price differentiation that leads to an internal competition based on product age and prices. This paper addresses the pricing and inventory control problem for fresh products to capture the influence of this competition on the supply chain members’ decisions and profits. A new coordination model based on a return policy with the revenue and cost-sharing contract is developed to improve the profits of independent supply chain members. The supply chain consists of one supplier and one retailer, where consumers are sensitive to the product’s retail price and freshness degree. Firstly, the retailer’s optimal decisions are derived in a decentralized decision-making structure. Then a centralized approach is used to optimize the supply chain decisions from the whole supply chain viewpoint. Eventually, a new coordination contract is designed to convince the members to participate in the coordination model. Numerical examples are carried out to compare the performance of different decision-making approaches. Our findings indicate that the proposed contract can coordinate the supply chain effectively. Furthermore, the coordinated decision-making model is more profitable and beneficial for the whole supply chain compared to the decentralized one. The results also demonstrate that when consumers are more sensitive to freshness, the simultaneous sale of multiple-aged products at different prices is more profitable.
Sajjad Aslani Khiavi, Hamid Khaloozadeh, Fahimeh Soltanian,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
In this paper, discrete time dynamic model for four-level supply chain system, including factory, wholesaler, retailer, and customer is designed with a recovery center as recycling hybrid channels. Due to the lack of coordination of the chain level and the unhealthy exchange of information in the system, almost all supply chains dynamic involving the stochastic noise. For the first time, in this paper, we proved that stochastic noise lead to the bullwhip effect and we mitigated this phenomenon with control theory. Also, we investigate the effects of the lead time, the various forecasting methods, and aggressive ordering on the bullwhip effect. In order to mitigate the bullwhip effect, we propose Kalman filter method. So, using linear quadratic Gaussian controller, not only effect of bullwhip was adjusted but, also the system become stable. Eventually, the simulation results in Meshkin match factory, indicate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Mangesh Phate , Shraddha Toney, Vikas Phate,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Supply chain management (SCM) is very well known efficient and effective managerial tool to check and analyze the performance of any enterprises. In the present work, efforts have taken to analyze and optimize the performance of small & medium enterprise (SME) in Pune region India. For this purpose a SCM based framework is prepared to get the realistic data from the industries through the questionnaire prepared on the basic of literature and the expert opinions. After finalizing the effective framework fitted to the various enterprises, a data in the pointer scale has been collected from the various stakeholders of the enterprises. The grey relational analysis (GRA), a multi-response optimization tool has been effectively used for getting the optimize result which will help the enterprises to plan the strategies for the betterment of the enterprises. Optimum results were implemented in the other enterprises. The responses were measured and compare with the optimum solution. From the responses, it has been observed that there is a significant enhancement in the response level of the other enterprises. Thus the SCM was effectively used for enhancing the performance of the SMEs in the region.
Abdelsalam Hamid,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Based on RBV Theory The study investigated the effect of Supply Chain integration (SCI) on medical sector Operational Performance (OP). the data were collected from 307 managers out of 330 managers, by questionnaire, which adopted from previous studies and refined through experts’ interviews and the panel of judge. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and SEM were employed. The results of the study indicated a positive significant relationship between SCI and medical sector OP. The results also indicated that the managers in Medical Sector were almost similar in their preference of the customer integration and internal integration indicators. Furthermore, empirical results indicated that the interactions between the two components of SCI effect strongly on and OP. Results indicated that the internal integration was having the highest effect on OP, followed by customer.
The study shows Theoretical and Practical implications. Theoretically the SCI require higher level of internal integration. Thus, for an institution to support the participation of partners it must create a suitable internal integration. Practically the full collaboration of participation and they integrate the firm internally and externally that should lead to high performance. Moreover, the study provided a suggestion for future research.
Key Words: Supply Chain Integration (SCI), Internal Integration (II), Customer Integration (CI), Operational Performance (OP), (Medical Sector).
Pramod Shahabadkar, Prashant Shahabadkar, Ashok Vanageri, S.s.hebbal ,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
Increasing competition due to globalization, product diversity and technological breakthroughs stimulate independent firms to collaborate in a supply chain that allows gaining the mutual benefits. This requires a collective coordination framework and migration path to synchronize and to integrate the information systems and also organizational activities of the supply chain partners. However, existing research in supply chain integration has paid little attention in identifying and developing a migration path to know the present level of supply chain among the supply chain partners. Hence, the objective of this paper is to develop a framework for supply chain integration. In the proposed research, the informational, organizational and information technology integration is operationalized for the development of Supply Chain Integration framework for manufacturing industries. Further, this paper includes a comprehensive understanding of supply chain integration in general and specifically organizational, informational and IT integration. The developed framework for supply chain integration is validated by a pilot study and it helps the organizations to know the present level and provides a migration path to move to the next level of supply chain integration. This paper will add onto the contribution of authors who have ventured study in the area of supply chain integration.
Lucas Sequeira, Daniel Rossit,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (6-2021)
Abstract
The logistical problems that companies must face tend to have conflicting interests between customers and service providers, which makes them difficult to solve. In turn, when the activities involve the transport of hazardous materials, the problem becomes critical in security terms, and makes logistics operations even more difficult. In the hazardous materials transportation literature, problems related to the routing of vehicles and the geographic location of supply or service centres are often addressed. However, there are not many studies related to the study of the loading, unloading and weighing operations of trucks that handle hazardous materials within industrial plants. That is why this work presents a case study of the installation of a new truck balance in an industrial plant in Argentina. To do this, the internal logistics operation and the current state of the plant's infrastructure are analyzed. A detailed study of the alternatives for the location of the balance was carried out following the criteria set by the company's management and the problem was solved using an empirical weighting method coordinated with the heads of the Supply Chain Department. A satisfactory solution was obtained.
