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The multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) are considered among the control systems used for reducing the vibration of buildings under seismic excitations. A large number of the previous studies have mainly emphasized on the utilization and effectiveness of MTMD on linear structure responses, and few of them have investigated the effectiveness of MTMD on nonlinear multi-degree of freedom structures. Thus, in this paper, the effectiveness of MTMD on nonlinear buildings have been investigated. The effectiveness of the MTMD systems lies in their parameters, and the location of dampers in buildings. Accordingly, the optimization of MTMD’s properties, as well as its location, are taken into account in the present study. The Mouth Brooding Fish algorithm, which is a new optimization method is utilized for optimizing the properties corresponding to the MTMD system. The effectiveness levels of the MTMDs were compared with the efficiency of an equal optimally tuned mass damper (TMD), which was placed on the top of the building. The results of these comparisons revealed that MTMDs have provided a better efficiency compared to TMDs in reducing the maximum displacement of nonlinear structures. Moreover, MTMDs have a higher effectiveness when placed on different floors of the building.