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Structural damage detection is a field that has attracted a great interest in the scientific community in recent years. Most of these studies use dynamic analysis data of the beams as a diagnostic tool for damage. In this paper, a massless rotational spring was used to represent the cracked sections of beams and the natural frequencies and mode shape were obtained. For calculation of rotational spring stiffness equivalent of uncracked and cracked sections, finite element models and experimental test were used. The damage identification problem was addressed with two optimization techniques of different philosophers: ECBO, PSO and SQP methods. The objective functions used in the optimization process are based on the dynamic analysis data such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. This data was obtained by developing a software that performs the dynamic analysis of structures using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Comparison between the detected cracks using optimization method and real beam shows an acceptable agreement.