Mahshid Gholamian, Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar, Saeid Norouzian-Maleki,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (winter 2020 2020)
Abstract
The major change processes that have taken place in recent centuries, affect the facade and its elements. These changes have caused variations in the visual appearance of buildings. However, throughout the history of the late Qajar dynasty and the early years of the Pahlavi reign, different architectural styles have been developed and they were evolving as societies changed over the centuries. In the history of Iranian architecture, there has never been a break with the history of architecture. But in the last century, the alien elements entered into the Iranian-Islamic architecture and there has been a change in the principles of architecture. In the late Qajar period, the process has been discontinued and the structure of the façades as well as other architectural features were being modified. At the beginning of the Qajar era, the presence of Western symbols was also important in the facades. External factors contribute towards the indigenous architecture of a region to a great extent. Extracting patterns from different Islamic periods can be used in modern architecture. After the glorious era of Safavid architecture, the Qajar period is the interface between the past and the future architecture. The nature of the exodus of traditional Iranian architecture during this period were undoubtedly influenced by the Constitutional Movement. However, the dynamics of the modernization in the Pahlavi era brought about changes in Iranian society. This study seeks to compare the views of different eras in accordance with the principles of Islamic architecture. The methodological approach of the research is mixed (quantitative and qualitative). The study is based on an interpretative-historical research strategy using library information resources, field observations, and questionnaire survey data. In this regard, the study of architectural styles and practices of each period, the quantitative comparison of the fundamental characteristics and indicators of Islamic architecture in urban façades, and functional units in different categories are discussed. Depending on the theoretical framework of the current research, seven indicators of Islamic architecture were obtained. These indicators include geometry, proportion, symmetry, harmony, dynamics, order and rhythm, and unity in plurality. In the next step, three different buildings were chosen and made subject to a systematic inquiry. 42 students and 9 faculty members of architecture and planning were selected to study the characteristics of each building. After the pilot work was completed, the questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. Finally, the important attributes were determined in each building. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the change of architecture can be interpreted according to the intellectual architecture of its era. Therfore, only a physical change could not ultimately lead to a structural change in style.
Mahsa Norouzi, Mitra Ghafourian, Zahra Barzegar,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The model of housing based on the religion of Islam in order to create a residence and obtain peace for the family depends on responding to their fixed and changing needs. Considering that the housing body is a container in which the family community is formed, the need to adapt the housing to the growth of the family as changing needs and respond to it over time in order to achieve the stability of the family community is important. In the meantime, the "expansibility" can be effective in climate stability in addition to social stability by making adaptations or changes in housing components according to the changing needs of residents. Given the high consumption of fossil fuels, designing and constructing residential buildings compatible with the climate is essential in order to reduce energy consumption. In fact, the use of private courtyards on the floors of residential units, in addition to creating a platform for the development of building walls, helps to provide light to the interior spaces and control the climatic conditions. The aim of the present research is to identify the optimal model of social-climatic expandable housing that is suitable for the growth of the family. In this way, the research question was formed in search of a housing model that, in addition to the expandability of the housing components in the courtyard of the apartment, also provides climate efficiency. This article focuses on the topic of social sustainability in housing by examining the expansion of its components in the courtyard of the apartment and it also addresses the topic of climate sustainability by assessing the amount of radiation received by expansible walls in the courtyard. The use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the social-climatic expandable housing pattern has led, in the first stage, to the presentation of the expandable patterns A, B, and C in the courtyard of a residential apartment. Then, based on quantitative methods with simulations of the patterns in EnergyPlus software, the optimal pattern was identified. As the main result of this research, by comparing the amount of radiation received from the south, east and west in the cold, moderate and hot months of the same direction units, the best units in the SW direction belong to building B, in the NE and NW direction belong to building C, in the SE direction It belongs to A and C buildings.
