Mahshid Gholamian, Seyed-Abbas Yazdanfar, Saeid Norouzian-Maleki,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (winter 2020 2020)
Abstract
The major change processes that have taken place in recent centuries, affect the facade and its elements. These changes have caused variations in the visual appearance of buildings. However, throughout the history of the late Qajar dynasty and the early years of the Pahlavi reign, different architectural styles have been developed and they were evolving as societies changed over the centuries. In the history of Iranian architecture, there has never been a break with the history of architecture. But in the last century, the alien elements entered into the Iranian-Islamic architecture and there has been a change in the principles of architecture. In the late Qajar period, the process has been discontinued and the structure of the façades as well as other architectural features were being modified. At the beginning of the Qajar era, the presence of Western symbols was also important in the facades. External factors contribute towards the indigenous architecture of a region to a great extent. Extracting patterns from different Islamic periods can be used in modern architecture. After the glorious era of Safavid architecture, the Qajar period is the interface between the past and the future architecture. The nature of the exodus of traditional Iranian architecture during this period were undoubtedly influenced by the Constitutional Movement. However, the dynamics of the modernization in the Pahlavi era brought about changes in Iranian society. This study seeks to compare the views of different eras in accordance with the principles of Islamic architecture. The methodological approach of the research is mixed (quantitative and qualitative). The study is based on an interpretative-historical research strategy using library information resources, field observations, and questionnaire survey data. In this regard, the study of architectural styles and practices of each period, the quantitative comparison of the fundamental characteristics and indicators of Islamic architecture in urban façades, and functional units in different categories are discussed. Depending on the theoretical framework of the current research, seven indicators of Islamic architecture were obtained. These indicators include geometry, proportion, symmetry, harmony, dynamics, order and rhythm, and unity in plurality. In the next step, three different buildings were chosen and made subject to a systematic inquiry. 42 students and 9 faculty members of architecture and planning were selected to study the characteristics of each building. After the pilot work was completed, the questionnaire was distributed to the respondents. Finally, the important attributes were determined in each building. Based on the findings, it is suggested that the change of architecture can be interpreted according to the intellectual architecture of its era. Therfore, only a physical change could not ultimately lead to a structural change in style.
Mahsa Norouzi, Mitra Ghafourian, Zahra Barzegar,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
The housing model is based on Islamic principles, aimed at providing a dwelling and fostering tranquility for families, depending on addressing their fixed and changing needs. Given that the physical structure of housing is the space where family gatherings occur, the adaptability of housing to accommodate the evolving needs of families over time is crucial for achieving sustainability within the family unit. In the meantime, the "expansibility" can be effective in climate stability in addition to social stability by making adaptations or changes in housing components according to the changing needs of residents. Given the high consumption of fossil fuels, designing and constructing residential buildings compatible with the climate is essential to reduce energy consumption. The use of private courtyards in residential units not only provides a foundation for the expansion of building walls but also contributes to the illumination of interior spaces and the regulation of climatic conditions. This research aims to identify the optimal pattern of socially and environmentally expansible housing that aligns with family growth. Thus, the research question emerged in search of a housing model that not only allows for the expansibility of housing components within the courtyard of the apartment but also ensures climatic efficiency. The present article addresses social sustainability in housing by examining the expansibility of its components within the apartment courtyard, while also considering environmental sustainability by measuring the solar radiation received by its expansible walls in the courtyard. The use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the model of socially and environmentally expansible housing has, in the first stage, led to the presentation of expansible patterns A, B, and C within the residential apartment courtyard. Then, based on the quantitative method, the patterns were simulated using EnergyPlus software, leading to the identification of the optimal model. As the main result of this research, by comparing the amount of solar radiation received from the south, east, and west in the cold, moderate, and hot months of the same direction units, the best units in the SW direction belong to building B, in the NE and NW direction belong to building C, in the SE direction It belongs to A and C buildings.
