Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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A wide range of activities takes place in a home that involves the most private behavior of members to their social and social activities. The organization of this activity is such that, while facilitating them in different parts of the house, their conflicting interactions are prevented. This concept, known as functional compatibility, is directly related to the issue of functional efficiency. Accordingly, the analysis of this relationship is the basis of this research. Also, the study of the development of these concepts in the course of structural changes in architecture that has come about over time is another goal of this research. Accordingly, by selecting 18 samples of houses in the Qajar period in Tabriz, attempts have been made to investigate this issue. The reason for choosing Tabriz as the realm of research is its strategic position in the exchange with the Western world, and the reason for choosing the Qajar period as the realm of research time was the beginning of the introduction of modern trends in the architecture of Iran during this period. The basic theory in this study is the theory of space syntax, and the tools used to analyze are also the Depthmap and Syntax plugins in Grasshopper software. After reviewing the literature, effective indexes of functional compatibility in homes were extracted and suitable syntax for analyzing each of them in the framework of theoretical framework of the research was introduced. Then, by analyzing each sample in the relevant software environment, the data related to each index were extracted and analyzed. The results of the research showed that with the change in the structure of houses, the introverted pattern of the outward-looking model in the late Qajar period, the subject of adaptive work has changed in relation to some indicators and has not changed much in relation to others. This issue is also relevant to the performance of these houses. On this basis, it can be concluded that functional efficiency is a relative concept that, depending on the circumstances, different criteria influence the upgrade or decline. The spatial function of housing as the first human-made habitat has always been and has been discussed and discussed by architects throughout history. Accordingly, households that have a good performance have the characteristics that make them more dignified and livable for the lives of their inhabitants. Creating such spatial spaces in the area of ​​habitation will result in appropriate use and compatibility with the living space of the space. In this regard, the issue of "functional adaptation of spaces" in a home is one of the issues that affects its function and improves its functional efficiency. According to Hiller, one of the main pillars of achieving the desired performance of space lies in the convergence of activities. The existence of such spaces together leads to the establishment of functional relationships consistent with each space and its relation to other parts of the environment. While categorizing different types of penetration fields into compatible categories, it can organize many user behavior in space and sometimes help create new patterns of behavior in space. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the concept of functional efficiency in a home to examine the functional compatibility of different spaces in the home and the way of communication between them. Also, in order to evaluate this issue in the traditional architecture (due to the diversity and multiplicity of spaces in its spatial system), the pattern of Tabriz houses in the Qajar period was selected and analyzed. Accordingly, houses from the early, mid and late Qajar periods in this city were selected as case samples, and by analyzing their configuration, they tried to investigate the subject of functional compatibility among its different spaces and, consequently, functional efficiency It turned out. The tool used to study the spatial configuration of these houses as well as their functional efficiency is the theory of "space syntax" and the tools used in it. Accordingly, the research questions are as follows:
- What has been the issue of functional adaptation in different house patterns in Tabriz during the Qajar period?
- Impact changes on the spatial configuration of different house patterns during the Qajar period in the city, what effect have they had on the functional adaptation of their different spaces?
- What impact did these changes have on the performance of these houses?
In the beginning of Qajar dynasties, due to the political, military, geographic and economic importance of Tabriz, Fath Ali Shah Qajar decided to hand over the Tabriz government to its crown prince Abbas Mirza. From that date, Tabriz was known as Dar al-Saltanah or Karajadzhani during the Qajar period. On the other hand, the deployment of this city in the main frontier between Iran and the west turned it into a gateway to enter the western world. This caused the first manifestations and elements imported from the West to pass through this city, and sometimes some of them would be used in the city for the first time.
 

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