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Dr. Omid Rahaei, Miss Aye Rezaeizadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Traditional geometric patterns in architecture and decoration are rooted in the cultural identity of each region and in cities such as Dezful, they display its special cultural and identity characteristics. In Dezful, the geometric patterns of the bricks, known as the khavoon chini are one of the hallmarks of the citychr('39')s cultural identity. Due to the hot climate of Dezful, the architects used hollow walls with the mentioned patterns to shade with climatic purposes. The traditional styles created in each region are the result of the experience of people who tried to create the best performance for the buildings of the region by using local elements and materials. As in Dezful, by using bricks and geometric patterns, in addition to creating special decorative elements of the region (khavoon chini), they have been thinking of creating shade in the high temperature of the city. The important point is that the thermal behavior of these patterns has not been compared and how in contemporary architecture these patterns can improve the thermal performance of walls is unknown. This study tries to revive the cultural identity of the region by using traditional geometric patterns such as khavoon chini, to provide a solution to improve the thermal behavior of hollow shaded walls and by examining the thermal behavior of these designs, to suggest an optimal model that revives the cultural identity of the city. , Have a good performance in terms of climate. The research method of this research is a combined method that in addition to historical interpretive studies, includes experimental and simulation methods. First, with the help of library and field studies, geometric patterns and native patterns were studied and classified, and then the thermal behavior of these patterns on the outer wall of the double-walled wall was analyzed by simulation. In this research, simulations were performed with Energy Plus software. The results showed that the use of traditional patterns in order to revive cultural identity in the form of geometric facades, has a very good climatic performance and reduce the indoor temperature by several degrees in the warmer months of the year. The type of geometric pattern used in the outer wall, the climatic function of the walls is different and each role requires a specific function. Accordingly, cross patterns have performed better.
Research Method:
The research method of this research was combined and did not involve experimental research, simulation and case study strategies. Based on this, first the authorized, analytical and field library studies were performed and simulated by software energy. Geometric patterns as an independent variable, and thermal behavior of a double-walled wall as a dependent variable were studied in this study. In order to analyze the data as well as intervention in architecture, the simulation method was used (according to the literature). The simulations were performed by CTF calculation method and Energy Plus software version 8.2. Performance of Energy Plus software based on technical specifications including physical, introduction of its mechanical and electrical system using annual water data of the hour (target city), temperature information as well as cooling and heating load required for simulation and analysis and Also, with a limited definition in order to buy a limited title, do comfort in the desired calculations (Abolhassani et al., 2015: 107-118). For internal surface convective heat transfer calculations, the software TARP method is used, which is based on an algorithm developed by Walton (Walton, 1983). The DOE-2 method has also been used for calculations related to external surface convective heat transfer (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1994). Also, the validity and reliability of this software in the article (comparison of the thermal behavior of the walls of the southern thrombus with different geometric composition in the corridor spaces of Ahvaz) has already been proven (Rahaei, Rezaeizadeh, 1399: 2521-2531).
Conclusion:
As shown in three diagrams 7, 8 and 9, the three models proposed in this study (Figures 1 to 3) can well control the thermal behavior of external walls and their conversion into double-walled walls will have very positive effects. These three proposed models have been very close to each other, but considering that the cross model has performed better than the other models by one degree in the hottest month of the year, so this model can be selected as the superior model. As a result, it will prove that, contrary to popular belief, motion patterns are much more influential in the thermal behavior of khavoon chini models than the degree of knot and complexity in each model. Therefore, according to the simulations that were performed and according to the results obtained from the proposed model and the real patterns in the old texture, for Dezful climate, which usually makes the building to the southwest, the cross pattern is proposed, which will provide better performance. This method as a passive method has many effects on climate performance in both hot and cold seasons and is recommended to revive the cultural identity of Dezful and improve climatic performance as well as improve the thermal behavior of the walls of khavoon chini patterns as Use a passive method.
Traditional geometric patterns in architecture and decoration are rooted in the cultural identity of each region and in cities such as Dezful, they display its special cultural and identity characteristics. In Dezful, the geometric patterns of the bricks, known as the khavoon chini are one of the hallmarks of the citychr('39')s cultural identity. Due to the hot climate of Dezful, the architects used hollow walls with the mentioned patterns to shade with climatic purposes. The traditional styles created in each region are the result of the experience of people who tried to create the best performance for the buildings of the region by using local elements and materials. As in Dezful, by using bricks and geometric patterns, in addition to creating special decorative elements of the region (khavoon chini), they have been thinking of creating shade in the high temperature of the city. The important point is that the thermal behavior of these patterns has not been compared and how in contemporary architecture these patterns can improve the thermal performance of walls is unknown. This study tries to revive the cultural identity of the region by using traditional geometric patterns such as khavoon chini, to provide a solution to improve the thermal behavior of hollow shaded walls and by examining the thermal behavior of these designs, to suggest an optimal model that revives the cultural identity of the city. , Have a good performance in terms of climate. The research method of this research is a combined method that in addition to historical interpretive studies, includes experimental and simulation methods. First, with the help of library and field studies, geometric patterns and native patterns were studied and classified, and then the thermal behavior of these patterns on the outer wall of the double-walled wall was analyzed by simulation. In this research, simulations were performed with Energy Plus software. The results showed that the use of traditional patterns in order to revive cultural identity in the form of geometric facades, has a very good climatic performance and reduce the indoor temperature by several degrees in the warmer months of the year. The type of geometric pattern used in the outer wall, the climatic function of the walls is different and each role requires a specific function. Accordingly, cross patterns have performed better.
Research Method:
The research method of this research was combined and did not involve experimental research, simulation and case study strategies. Based on this, first the authorized, analytical and field library studies were performed and simulated by software energy. Geometric patterns as an independent variable, and thermal behavior of a double-walled wall as a dependent variable were studied in this study. In order to analyze the data as well as intervention in architecture, the simulation method was used (according to the literature). The simulations were performed by CTF calculation method and Energy Plus software version 8.2. Performance of Energy Plus software based on technical specifications including physical, introduction of its mechanical and electrical system using annual water data of the hour (target city), temperature information as well as cooling and heating load required for simulation and analysis and Also, with a limited definition in order to buy a limited title, do comfort in the desired calculations (Abolhassani et al., 2015: 107-118). For internal surface convective heat transfer calculations, the software TARP method is used, which is based on an algorithm developed by Walton (Walton, 1983). The DOE-2 method has also been used for calculations related to external surface convective heat transfer (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1994). Also, the validity and reliability of this software in the article (comparison of the thermal behavior of the walls of the southern thrombus with different geometric composition in the corridor spaces of Ahvaz) has already been proven (Rahaei, Rezaeizadeh, 1399: 2521-2531).
Conclusion:
As shown in three diagrams 7, 8 and 9, the three models proposed in this study (Figures 1 to 3) can well control the thermal behavior of external walls and their conversion into double-walled walls will have very positive effects. These three proposed models have been very close to each other, but considering that the cross model has performed better than the other models by one degree in the hottest month of the year, so this model can be selected as the superior model. As a result, it will prove that, contrary to popular belief, motion patterns are much more influential in the thermal behavior of khavoon chini models than the degree of knot and complexity in each model. Therefore, according to the simulations that were performed and according to the results obtained from the proposed model and the real patterns in the old texture, for Dezful climate, which usually makes the building to the southwest, the cross pattern is proposed, which will provide better performance. This method as a passive method has many effects on climate performance in both hot and cold seasons and is recommended to revive the cultural identity of Dezful and improve climatic performance as well as improve the thermal behavior of the walls of khavoon chini patterns as Use a passive method.
Samira Mehrafza, Associate Professor Mahmud Rezaei, Associate Professor Tahere Kamalizade,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract
Thought that has had an Iranian identity is a linking that was lost in the formation of cultural identity of the contemporary spaces that can have been a role in the architecture, and urban planning and be transfer to the future. There are concepts of wisdom over the time that it cannot reach to its sublime place with the superficial interpretations. This article seeks this question that what are the relation among the concepts of Molla-sadea- Shirazi's philosophical viewpoints and how does it interpret in the urban spaces? The purpose of this essay is to identify and analyze this polymath's points of view, as well as their applicability to the adaptation of a distinctive Iranian urban design. It is possible to create Iranian architectural and urban spaces and maintain them in the spaces as a kind of an Iranian cultural identity unit by examining the notions of wisdom and corresponding to the place. This study is conducted on a grounded theory method, and contains logical reasoning with a content-analysis approach. Using ATLAS.ti, it and codding of data, also it contains summarizing and analyzing the original texts, the studies of urban design, questionnaires. The main concepts were coded in three stages in open, axial and selected codes. The concepts of Iranian Bazaar with the axial codes are correlated to the concepts of selected codes. The concepts of unity, substantial motion, gradation, and mimesis are divided as selective codes. One of the findings of research shows that “Vaajeb-al-vojood” the existent by necessity, just like its originality and personal unity has the unity of gradation with the beings of world, its intensity and weakness is different that the entities of this unity are formed with the substantial motion of the creature. The formation of this unity in the urban space that emerges can be understood spatially as substantial motion in the form of fluidity and dynamism of the space, gradation in the form of hierarchy in the space, introversion creates unity of space and integration with the surrounding urban context, and mimesis of Sadra. Beyond the word of imitation with connecting the imagination of the artist to the world of idea and mimesis of this word, the integrated architectural and urban space emerge
Mozhgan Rezaei, Azita Balalioskuei, Mohammad Ali Keynejad,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
Water has a vital role in human life, as the source and symbol of life, particularly in the Islamic community. Poor management of water resources in recent decades has posed a serious threat to the physical aspect of life in Islamic countries, which are predominantly located in dry regions. Moreover, the weakness of functional and symbolic position of water in Islamic-Iranian architecture has been the consequence of this situation. Water have a tangible and essential role not only in the physical aspect of human life (external world), it is also closely connected with the spiritual aspect of life (inner world), assisting individuals in stages of felicity (sa'adah) and perfection (kamal) according to transcendent theosophy. With its richness linked with spiritual, sacred, and mystical manifestations, Islamic architecture represents water both in its external world (zahir) and inner world (batin). In terms of the former,issue water unites with the real space for the purposes of balancing and regulating the climate conditions; in terms of the latter, issue it merges with the sacred atmosphere of the architecture. Therefore, water is one of the most valuable, universal, and structural elements of Islamic architecture. In Mulla Sadra’s view, water can be considered as one of the symbolic cores of perfecting motion of life with regard to his doctrine of substantial motion. The Holy Quran mentions different forms of the role of water in witnessing and being of humanities more than 63 times. The manifestations of such intuitive quantitative instances were studied based on the stages of Sadrai perception, namely the sensory, the imaginary, and the intellectual. As shown in the theoretical framework, this analysis revealed the generalizability of universal vital, sacred, biological, and technological values to architecture and urban spaces. Accordingly, beauty, vitality, and life in the general sense and life in the sense of becoming Godliness were the ultimate findings of studying the function of water in Islamic architecture.
Dr Mahmud Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
The article seeks a meaningful relationship between design-oriented academic courses in Iran, such as architecture and urban design courses, and three normative characteristics namely “Islamization”, “indigenization” and “up-to-dating” as a standard imparted by the Cultural Revolution Development Council in Iran. For this, the article uses ‘Knowledge Mobilization’(KM) as a key global concept to apply those three qualities. Knowledge Mobilization means more application of knowledge or better use of it, which means reducing the distance between theory and practice. Four steps are recommended in improving the quality of research and increasing its impact in the society:
1. Ground the research question or problem in concrete and observable phenomena in order to appreciate and situate its multiple dimensions and manifestations. 2. Develop plausible concepts and models that represent the main aspects of the observed phenomena and that thereby provide a base for new theories to address the central research question. 3. Use appropriate methods to design the research and obtain empirical evidence of the concepts and plausible models for examining the question about the phenomenon being examined. 4. Apply and disseminate the research findings to address the research question from the perspectives of different academic and practitioner users (Van De Ven & Johnson, 2006, p. 810)
Examining the impact of this global concept with common initiatives in Iran with the titles of efficiency, Islamic, ruling, local and modernization has not been compared so far. Also, in intermediate knowledge, for example, between the disciplines of art, technical sciences, humanities and social sciences, such as the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, which have a "design-oriented" nature, the distinction of this concept and its application has not been made much either in the world or in Iran. These fields of academia include workshops and studio course formats which makes them totally apart from the other disciplines. The research thus aims to find more effective methods to apply the norms into the courses.
The relationship between the educational system, the experts or professional environment and the organizations related to urban management and most importantly the residents and the people can enrich the employment, development and participation. Also, the free presence of academics, professors, and students can introduce world literature and theories to the people with representative planning and implement scientific dimensions. In this way, establishing a relationship between the university and the profession causes employment and more efficiency of students' activities, and their efforts are prevented from being wasted (Noorian and Rezaei, 2015).
Abdolhamid Noghreh-kar has shown that the relationship of "Islamic wisdom" with human processes, including the creation of works of art, architecture and urban planning, has five stages (idea, motivation, method, product, effect). Each stage has its sources and foundations, which identifies the direction, goals and results of the whole process. Therefore, the realization of a new civilization with an Islamic-Iranian identity cannot be an imitation of the current situation, the past or other civilizations. Rather, each stage should choose its sources from the Islamic school, i.e. Islamic beliefs and teachings, rulings, ethics, and Ijtihad solutions. According to his "Theory of Salam", every architectural work can be evaluated from two spiritual and engineering dimensions - each in six factors. The spiritual dimension has general, qualitative and top-down characteristics, timeless and placeless conditions. But engineering dimensions have minor features, slightly from bottom to top and interrelated to time and place conditions. According to this theory, every architectural work goes through five stages of creation and in each stage it can be evaluated according to six factors. Out of these five stages of creation, three are knowledge and insight, intention and motivation, the practical method related to the architect. The fourth step is the architectural effect itself and the fifth step is its effect on the audience. Therefore, in evaluating works, all five stages should be measured with six spiritual factors and six engineering factors. This theory was proposed to explain the road map of modern Islamic civilization in the working group of art, architecture and urban planning (Naghrekar, 1401; 1395).
The research method is a combination of in-depth interviews and theoretical saturation. First, the texts related to "Knowledge Mobilization" as well as "Experiences in teaching these disciplines" from the 1950s have been reviewed and strategies have been extracted. Accordingly and based on the three fundamental characteristics of the aforementioned council, the coding content has reached theoretical saturation with the participation of professors and students. It has been determined that Islamization includes localization and up-to-dating goals. To achieve those three, "Knowledge Mobilization" is vital, which is accelerated with the help of "Studio". The link between courses, courses with the profession, society and global science is one of the priorities in the revision of the pedagogy. The relationship of "Islamization" with the designer's social role; " indigenization " with the link between the studio and the society; "up-to-dating" with the cooperation between designers and other professions, the use of modern technology, the publication of texts and the establishment of more research centers. The idea of mobilization of knowledge in the form of a workshop system, planned meetings, use of professors' publications, skill approaches of courses is proposed in the form of pedagogies. The article highlights that the purpose of the Islamization , indigenization and updating in the matter of education should be "Knowledge Mobilization”, i.e. production, publication, exchange of knowledge, provided that it causes change and improvement of society's policies. This mobilization of knowledge in schools of architecture and urban design will take place with a more effective studio format of teaching.
1. Ground the research question or problem in concrete and observable phenomena in order to appreciate and situate its multiple dimensions and manifestations. 2. Develop plausible concepts and models that represent the main aspects of the observed phenomena and that thereby provide a base for new theories to address the central research question. 3. Use appropriate methods to design the research and obtain empirical evidence of the concepts and plausible models for examining the question about the phenomenon being examined. 4. Apply and disseminate the research findings to address the research question from the perspectives of different academic and practitioner users
Examining the impact of this global concept with common initiatives in Iran with the titles of efficiency, Islamic, ruling, local and modernization has not been compared so far. Also, in intermediate knowledge, for example, between the disciplines of art, technical sciences, humanities and social sciences, such as the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, which have a "design-oriented" nature, the distinction of this concept and its application has not been made much either in the world or in Iran. These fields of academia include workshops and studio course formats which makes them totally apart from the other disciplines. The research thus aims to find more effective methods to apply the norms into the courses.
The relationship between the educational system, the experts or professional environment and the organizations related to urban management and most importantly the residents and the people can enrich the employment, development and participation. Also, the free presence of academics, professors, and students can introduce world literature and theories to the people with representative planning and implement scientific dimensions. In this way, establishing a relationship between the university and the profession causes employment and more efficiency of students' activities, and their efforts are prevented from being wasted (Noorian and Rezaei, 2015).
Abdolhamid Noghreh-kar has shown that the relationship of "Islamic wisdom" with human processes, including the creation of works of art, architecture and urban planning, has five stages (idea, motivation, method, product, effect). Each stage has its sources and foundations, which identifies the direction, goals and results of the whole process. Therefore, the realization of a new civilization with an Islamic-Iranian identity cannot be an imitation of the current situation, the past or other civilizations. Rather, each stage should choose its sources from the Islamic school, i.e. Islamic beliefs and teachings, rulings, ethics, and Ijtihad solutions. According to his "Theory of Salam", every architectural work can be evaluated from two spiritual and engineering dimensions - each in six factors. The spiritual dimension has general, qualitative and top-down characteristics, timeless and placeless conditions. But engineering dimensions have minor features, slightly from bottom to top and interrelated to time and place conditions. According to this theory, every architectural work goes through five stages of creation and in each stage it can be evaluated according to six factors. Out of these five stages of creation, three are knowledge and insight, intention and motivation, the practical method related to the architect. The fourth step is the architectural effect itself and the fifth step is its effect on the audience. Therefore, in evaluating works, all five stages should be measured with six spiritual factors and six engineering factors. This theory was proposed to explain the road map of modern Islamic civilization in the working group of art, architecture and urban planning (Naghrekar, 1401; 1395).
The research method is a combination of in-depth interviews and theoretical saturation. First, the texts related to "Knowledge Mobilization" as well as "Experiences in teaching these disciplines" from the 1950s have been reviewed and strategies have been extracted. Accordingly and based on the three fundamental characteristics of the aforementioned council, the coding content has reached theoretical saturation with the participation of professors and students. It has been determined that Islamization includes localization and up-to-dating goals. To achieve those three, "Knowledge Mobilization" is vital, which is accelerated with the help of "Studio". The link between courses, courses with the profession, society and global science is one of the priorities in the revision of the pedagogy. The relationship of "Islamization" with the designer's social role; " indigenization " with the link between the studio and the society; "up-to-dating" with the cooperation between designers and other professions, the use of modern technology, the publication of texts and the establishment of more research centers. The idea of mobilization of knowledge in the form of a workshop system, planned meetings, use of professors' publications, skill approaches of courses is proposed in the form of pedagogies. The article highlights that the purpose of the Islamization , indigenization and updating in the matter of education should be "Knowledge Mobilization”, i.e. production, publication, exchange of knowledge, provided that it causes change and improvement of society's policies. This mobilization of knowledge in schools of architecture and urban design will take place with a more effective studio format of teaching.
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