Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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Understanding Islamic architecture requires perception and receiving space, and the space of Islamic architecture contains meanings that can not be understood only by the senses. Space, as the most basic concept of architecture, is always conceived in a specific definite, which is received through sensory perception, so it has a certain limit, and finite. On the other hand, mosques are the most important building of the Islamic era, where Muslims gather together for prayer and contain symbols and meanings. Which must be discovered through rational perception and through revelation. In this way, the concept of space in Islamic architecture, especially the architecture of mosques, is a fundamental issue. understanding and obtaining the meaning of space is the result of the twofold confrontation between perception. In order to explain such a challenge, this article is devoted to explaining the finite and infinite of the spatial structure of Iranian mosques during the Safavid period. Therefore, this study uses a qualitative approach in the form of a case study with field observations and library documents to explain, analyze and obtain the structure of space in Safavid period mosques as one of the golden architectural periods of Iran. Imam Mosque of Isfahan, as an example of mosques with courtyard and porch, and Sheikh Lotfollah mosque, a case of mosques lacking these elements were selected from the Safavid era. The findings of this study indicate that space is received variously in Iran's architectures. So that, space, in terms of perceptual perception, is finite. This finite and the physicalization of space result from the perception of the bound via the five senses. In proportion to the small world, the object surround the space. From this perspective, in addition to focusing on dynamism, the bound contains centering, space breaks, plurality and multi-spacing. But beyond that, in Islamic architecture, there is a rational perception that leads to obtaining the meaning. In this perception, the bound does not constrain Iranian and Muslim people. The bound and space get together, space is unlimited and unlimited. The infinity of space in Islamic architecture is proportional to the great world. In this revelation, the Islamic space means the presence of one and the only divine. In fact, in the rational and intuitive perception, space is unit, discreet, eternal and infinite. But in sensory perception, space is finite, inward, small, and multiplicity.

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Privacy as a human need, is the result of adjustment of the interaction between human environment, which under the influence of current patterns of activity and cultural background, leads to a favorable atmosphere. Adjusting the privacy in Iranian homes is one of the fundamental features of Iranian architecture, which has had a profound effect on the formation of the spatial organization and the physical elements of traditional houses. However, the climatic and cultural diversity of the Iranian geographic region has caused different types of Iranian homes. The similar situation in the marginal cities of the Caspian Sea has caused the development of extroverted architecture. The extraterrestrial architecture of the rural homes of Gilan has provided a distinctly desirable privacy setting, in accordance with the requirements of Islamic belief and indigenous culture. In other words, the privacy setting in these homes is unique in terms of spatial structure and architectural elements and is different from introverted houses in the central regions of Iran. Architectural solutions to these types of homes in the provision of privacy have not yet been studied by researchers. For this reason, this paper outlines and describes the setting of privacy and its mechanisms, and looks at how to realize the desirable privacy in the works of the outsourcing architectural index in the rural homes of Gilan. The study first identified the spatial structure and architectural features of the selected buildings using library resources and field observations. Then, the researchers, through presence in the field of research, have focused on the evidence behind the behavior and reactions of the inhabitants, and tried to reveal the profound meanings of empirical data obtained from interviews and observations.
The findings of this research show that adjusting the privacy plays an important role in the formation of spatial structure and architectural elements of extroverted houses. The presence of trees and hedge around the yard somewhat prevents the view of the interior and causes the enclosure of the space and determines the boundaries of the house, farm, and rice fields. Rotating inputs break the view into the building, and as a result, the visual connection to the building is lost. Bөltө prevents others from entering the house. Also, the stairs in the minor axis cause fractures and reduced visibility when entering the room. Ivan and Kotum and Esbo in the front of the room, causing plenty of space and staging the presence of people at home. Basically, Tallar and Tallar room, which are the guest›s place of stay, are in the seconf floor. Yelka and Jirben, the place of kitchen and the living room are placed in the ground floor or the first half floor. In addition to their core functions, these elements lead to a communication sequence, lack of visual aristocracy, and space contention, and thus the private sphere of the family is preserved.
 

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