Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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Man has always been from the beginning of creation, with the Elimination of the name of the shelter challenge was to hand. Humans have always had a place and environment need to protect themselves from the invaders and the conditions in the harbor. Early human, from the beginning, a kind of natural caves that meet this need, were chosen. With the passage of time and the more familiar with different aspects of the human surroundings and his innate needs, sought to find the answer to this need. After the historical epochs, one of the tools and features found in natural, long step in to resolve their needs. He was able to remove this human place, making renewable way. In order to solve this crisis, due to being interdisciplinary research, beginning with the heuristic method and citation study, understanding the factors influencing the culture as well as religious influences on space›s body home. Then with the examination and investigation of a few examples of the Qajar era homes in the city of Ardabil, the understanding of the cultural values of the Islamic world view that the architectural pattern (figure House) leads.
Continue to mention the cultural values of the Islamic world view of influencing the housing and manifestation of these values in the space of a home had reviewed in this research were discussed, which is as follows: Veil-cooperation-cleanliness-contentment-pivot and obey God-humility. Veil, had split the housing in the form of directions (vestibule), the definition of communication spaces, using distinct entrance door, observe the hierarchy of public space and access to a private, defined and limited communication with the external environment as well as easy access to spaces at will. Cooperation, in a book review about homes had space devoted to communicating with neighbors and devote the best space (from the King) has been flashed to the guests.
The purity of the two means physical and mental form, with the placement service is out of the House, the embedded space for shoes, Ken (entrance porch), the presence of flowers and plants and the proper utilization of light and air as well as the presence of water in the chart space dock. Contentment with regard to the dimensions of the external body proportions (thumb), pay attention to the dimensions of the Interior proportions, simplicity of form and the correct investment of mass to reduce energy consumption in buildings is reviewed on the form. Pivot and obey God in the House had reviewed, with addressing abstract decorations (induce spiritual sense) in the atmosphere inside the building, and pay attention to the apparent manifestation of worship, space allocation. Humility also according to abstain from panache and align with the environment by machines (abstain from physical personhood) appeared. Finally, with the cultural values of the referenced in the measurement of the House in the town of Ardabil, Qajari results showing acceptable adherence to these principles and values of homes of Islamic culture. In the end, with the understanding of these factors and values can be used to regenerate the rich architecture and culture from the past of this land.
 

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Façades are one of the architectural physical elements that play a significant role in the aesthetic preferences on their observer. The façade creates the first and perhaps the most important impact. Aesthetic is identifying and understanding factors that contribute to perception of an object or beautiful/pleasant process. In order to assess the beauty of a phenomenon, its factors and visual qualities should be studied, so finding a measure or a way to evaluate them are one of aesthetics’ priorities. Therefore, not only recognition of visual qualities, but also their quantitative evaluation is also important in aesthetics. Different visual qualities participate in the formation of façades, one of which is porosity. If these visual qualities studied, interpreted and measured, their factors, rules, and attributes can be extracted and using them as variables, the aesthetics of façades can be evaluated. This research is based on the question of how porosity can be measured and evaluated as one of the visual quality of façade and what is the relation between the quantitative measures of these buildings' façade's porosity?
The purpose of this research is to investigate the concept of porosity as a visual quality and to decode the art of designing and constructing façades in Iranian-Islamic architecture by quantitatively measuring the porosity. The study in theoretical part, using the analytical-descriptive method, has presented a theoretical framework. In the first stage a comparative method will be used. Collecting information in this research, in addition to documentary and library studies, will also include field studies that are used to compile the subject literature review to find the thematic framework. At this stage, by expressing the perceptual concept, the architectural porosity elements as well as the study of its theories, criteria, rules and components are explained. In the second stage, a quantitative method for measuring porosity will be presented using the criteria and components obtained in the previous stage, the classification of porosity elements, factors and effective variables of façade's porosity. Structured questionnaires will be used to find the relationship between these variables and their impact on each other and facade's porosity. In the third stage which is the case study section, the theoretical framework and the porosity quantitative measuring method are carried out in 30 main facades of historical houses of Tabriz city and gathered data are analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Based on the findings of the research, façades have a special feature called porosity number that is unique to them. The structure of the forming elements and the porosity changes of the façades also follow a particular pattern. The research also shows that the main trait of porosity is openness. Air circulation, light and the connection of internal and external spaces are major physical achievements of porosity and its spiritual achievement is space and raised meaning in architecture. Empty, despite the lack of material has an equal value, and sometimes more, than full, and how it is created and placed not only increases the physical and spatial quality but also can have an impact in facades’ evaluations. Porosity is one of the basic visual qualities, which over time has found a more significant role in façade. Porosity has a hidden and mysterious pattern that can be the result of aesthetic feedback from architects, observers/residents, and environmental conditions of the region. A certain evident percentage of porosity and a specific pattern and alignment of porous space arrangement found in this study indicate that, at least in Tabriz environmental conditions, a specific pattern of porosity is a part of the aesthetic preferences of the architects and the residential-historical architectural users of Tabriz city. This optimal and aesthetic level of porosity in the historical houses of Tabriz façades is close to 0.4 (40%).This pattern and alignment can be considered by contemporary architects in this cultural-climatic area as an aesthetic factor. Of course, the generalization of these features to other cities in Iran and beyond requires more and wider researches. This study showed that porosity as a visual quality and its quantitative measurement method can also be used as criteria of aesthetic evaluation of architectural façades.