Engineer Zahra Ezzati Kar,olia, Doctor Azita Belali Oskui, Engineer Yahya Jamali, Doctor Aref Monadi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
The yard has been one of the main spaces in the houses, especially in the traditional architecture of Iran, which has played a significant role in the formation of the spatial system of the houses. The main question of this research is what is the relationship between the spatial organization of single-yard and two-yard historical houses with the number of yards and the purpose of this research is to discover the relationship between the number of yards (single-yard and two-yard) with the spatial organization of historical houses. For this purpose, First the factors affecting the spatial organization of historical houses have been studied, and with the descriptive - analytical method and with a qualitative approach, these components were analyzed in case examples. The required information has been collected by referring to library sources, cultural heritage organization documents and field impressions and the statistical population is single-yard and two-yard of Qajar houses in Tabriz city. In this research, among the different spaces of historical houses, the main and selected spaces of the house, which include the entrance, courtyard, reception hall, rooms, veranda and stairs, have been examined. Based on research findings, in historical houses, there are various components that have been influential in the spatial organization. One of these components is the geometry of the spatial layout; Examining the architecture of historical houses often shows that the yard is usually a focal space. Therefore, the pattern of radial and central layout is more prominent in courtyard-oriented studies. Also, the geometric pattern of the space around the courtyards, which indicates the geometric form of the fronts built around the courtyard, is also effective and can be investigated. Another component is axes; It can be stated that movement axes (internal and external), visual axis and axis of symmetry can be investigated as the main influential axes in the spatial organization. Another component is hierarchy; In historical houses, spatial hierarchy and access hierarchy are proposed and according to the studies about courtyard, it can be said that the length of the courtyards, depth and permeability are influential in the spatial and access hierarchy; So it can be said that in single-yard and two-yard houses, there are various factors such as the geometry of the spatial layout (based on the central and radial layout pattern and the geometric pattern of the space around the yards), axes (based on internal and external movement axes, visual axis and axis of symmetry), spatial and access hierarchy (based on the length of the yards, the depth of the spaces compared to the entrance and permeability) that in general, it indicates a specific type of spatial organization associated with each of the two mentioned species. The results show that these components in both types of plans, although they are similar in some cases, but in some cases, they have caused differences in the spatial organization of single-yard and two-yard plans. Among other things, the investigation of the geometry of the spatial layout shows the difference in the placement of spaces (reception hall, rooms, etc.) compared to the yard, the difference in massing around the yard and the number of fronts built around it, the degree of introversion compared to the type of yard and etc. Examining the axes shows the differences in movement paths and intra-spatial communication, differences in the direction of the visual axes and in the way of observing symmetry and etc. Examining the hierarchy shows the difference in dividing the areas of the house, the difference in the placement of spaces at different depths compared to the entrance according to their use and etc.
