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Revisiting the evolution of Iranian-Islamic Neighborhood Structure Based on Urban Development Plans: Case Study of Sarshoor, Mashhad
Iman Ghalandarian, Zeinab Ghane Honarvar,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Neighborhoods have historically been the social habitat of city dwellers. This social unit, which was considered as a cornerstone of Iranian-Islamic society, has demonstrated the structure of ancient Iranian cities in a distinctive way. Various political, administrative, economic, and socio-cultural factors have led to the formation of the neighborhood’s physical space in the city, of which social and cultural factors are of particular importance. Today, due to some shortcomings in providing services, some of the historic and old neighborhoods of cities have been intervened by urban management. If these interventions are carried out without considering the memories and affiliations of citizens and their mental needs, it will lead to rapid developments in historical fabrics and the erasure of the identity of cities. One of the platforms for changing the shape of these neighborhoods is urban development plans. This study aims to evaluate the changes in the identity and physical characteristics of Sarshoor neighborhood based on comprehensive and detailed plans and focuses on the changes in the characteristics of the neighborhood. This study is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in nature based on thematic analysis. The strategy used in this research is inductive. The data collection method is both library-based and field-based. The findings of this study indicate that with the interventions of urban development plans in different years, the residential, tourist, and market characteristics of this neighborhood have changed and have gone out of balance. The residential characteristic of the neighborhood has been severely weakened due to the departure of native people from the neighborhood, the decrease in the sense of belonging, the increase in land and goods prices, heavy traffic, and the increase in residential users.

Explaining the theory of social and spatial justice in the Islamic city
Mr. Behzad Omranzadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract

The Islamic city is one that embodies the principles and values of Islam, providing the conditions necessary for realizing an Islamic lifestyle. This embodiment manifests in various forms across different regions and climates. In this context, the fundamental Islamic principle that should be realized in the social life of Muslims and within the urban environment is the principle of justice.
The primary aim of this research is to develop a scientific theory based on Islamic sources regarding social and spatial justice as one of the pillars of the Islamic city or the ideal city in Islam. This is approached through the production of indigenous and Islamic knowledge in urban management and planning, utilizing grounded theory methodology. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute, however modestly, to the theoretical foundations of the Islamic-Iranian city, guiding the pursuit of an Islamic-Iranian model of progress.
The findings of this research reveal significant foundations that provide a precise definition of social and spatial justice, elaborating on the dimensions of this concept—including principles, criteria, and consequences—within a conceptual model. This model offers a comprehensive explanation of the current state of injustice and the process of achieving social and spatial justice in society.
For instance, based on the results of this research, the definition of social and spatial justice is the “entitlement” of citizens regarding the distribution of services and resources, achieved by “placing everything in its rightful position” based on principles of “equality,” “public benefit,” and “equal access” to “public rights,” while recognizing “inequality” in “acquired rights” in human settlements.
Based on this definition and the reviewed sources, the principles of social and spatial justice include:
Public benefit in public affairs, Equality in public law, Equal access to public services, Inequality in individual-social acquired rights. The criteria for social and spatial justice are: Membership, Need, Performance, Value of action, Time and place requirements.


The place of the right to the city in Islamic jurisprudence
Dr Mohaddeseh Moeinifar,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
The right to the city is one of the concepts that has no clear dimensions and the papers written about it are mostly in architecture, urban planning, and social sciences. This concept is ambiguous even in the legal texts of Western countries, and jurists have not been able to express a clear opinion about its dimensions. Accordingly, this study seeks to answer the question that what is the concept, nature, and examples of the right to the city in Islamic jurisprudence.
The nature of this right is a mixture of the rights of the first to the fourth generation and accordingly, it contains numerous and sometimes conflicting examples. It is noteworthy that this right has been considered in international documents, but because other rights do not have the support and guarantee of legal implementation, and as a result, it is included in the list of rights that are known as positive rights and seeks to impose duties and obligations on governments that Naturally, it has not been welcomed by them either. Ambiguity in the concept, content, and examples of this right along with the lack of guarantee of proper implementation shows that simply proposing multiple rights cannot help humanity to achieve its rights and as a result, mankind is still struggling in the abyss of chaos and injustice.
This ambiguity in the laws of Western countries and the ambiguity of its concept in the laws of Iran makes it mandatory to refer to jurisprudential sources to understand its concept. We can see that this right has no background in classical and modern jurisprudence texts by referring to Imami jurisprudence. So, to understand its meaning, you should look for dictionaries. By checking the dictionaries, three words Misr, Medina, and Balad can be considered synonyms of Farsi city. Based on this, to justify the right to the city from among different methods, the method of lawful expression (the language of reason) was taken into consideration and these three words were searched in the Holy Quran and hadiths, and in total several verses such as verses 61 and 126 of Al-Baqarah, 35 of Ibrahim, 2 Balad and 87 Yunus and several narrations were found in this context, all of which in some ways have been able to prove the legitimacy of the right to the city and some of its examples, such as the possession of material and spiritual facilities and the existence of social life in the city. Regarding other examples of this right, one can also refer to the general or special custom and obtain numerous examples.

Evaluation and Positioning of "Islamic Particularist and Holistic Research Methods"; Target Audience: Researchers and Practitioners in the Fields of Arts, Architecture, and Urban Planning
Abdolhamid Noghrekar, Salman Noghrekar,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
A suitable and effective research methodology serves as a primary guide for humankind in understanding and uncovering the nature of existence, the truths of "the world and humanity," and their interconnections, ultimately facilitating humanity's journey toward higher purpose and ensuring their lasting well-being and eternity. Unfortunately, in recent centuries, Western culture, having distanced itself from "divine doctrines" and adopting a strictly materialistic approach to "the world and humanity" that views human beings through an animalistic lens, has established a "particularist" research method—rooted in "sensory, empirical, instinctual, and statistical" approaches—within educational and research institutions globally. This methodology excels in identifying the "material and formal" causes of natural phenomena, enabling the Industrial Revolution and fostering "power and wealth" for Western countries, often at the cost of "exploitation, colonization, and enslavement of other nations." However, these advancements have simultaneously led to "alienation and dehumanization of people worldwide," creating environmental crises, class conflicts, depression, hopelessness, and rising suicide rates, among other issues. In contrast, the Almighty, through the mission of all His prophets, has highlighted the unique "rational and spiritual" attributes of humans that distinguish them from animals. By providing infallible sources and foundations—namely, the "Quran and the traditions of the infallibles"—He has introduced a research approach that emphasizes the "holistic and all-encompassing Islamic" methodology, which is especially oriented toward explaining humanity’s "elevated and eternal journey" and the achievement of a virtuous life. This article evaluates, compares, and contextualizes the above two methods by employing "logical reasoning and interpretive" techniques based on the infallible Islamic sources of the "Quran and authentic traditions." Reforming research methodology courses in universities is a critical and essential step toward the Islamization of universities, aligning with the Supreme Leader's strategic vision of "establishing a new Islamic civilization with an Islamic-Iranian identity" and avoiding the "translation and imitation" of Western culture, which is incomplete, deviant, anti-humanistic, and counter-evolutionary.

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