Given the crucial role of the building envelope as a protective shell and its impact on energy consumption, proper façade design is of significant importance in the building design process. Considering the challenges and time-consuming nature of traditional optimization methods, it is essential to provide an appropriate method for designers to use in the early stages of design. The building's exterior envelope, which includes opaque and transparent components, protects the interior space and improves external climatic conditions. This research examines the parameters affecting building façades on thermal behavior and energy consumption. Initially, through a systematic review of sources and similar studies, the physical parameters of façades are analyzed, and then the various façade types in District 15 are examined. After conducting studies, the GIS map of the area is precisely analyzed, and common façade types are extracted through field surveys. The parameters affecting the building envelope, including wall layering, façade treatment, and insulation, and their impact on heating and cooling energy consumption, are studied and analyzed. Subsequently, the effect of the window-to-wall ratio on energy consumption is investigated. The results obtained from simulations are validated through field studies.
According to the results, there is a direct relationship between the thermal conductivity of the wall and energy consumption. In the optimal case, compared to the worst case, there is a difference of approximately 38.43 kWh per square meter in heating energy and 1.48 kWh per square meter in cooling energy consumption. Given the electricity consumption for cooling, this amount is particularly significant.
