Massud Wahdattalab, Ali Yaran, Hamed Mohammadi Khoshbin,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Façades are one of the architectural physical elements that play a significant role in the aesthetic preferences on their observer. The façade creates the first and perhaps the most important impact. Aesthetic is identifying and understanding factors that contribute to perception of an object or beautiful/pleasant process. In order to assess the beauty of a phenomenon, its factors and visual qualities should be studied, so finding a measure or a way to evaluate them are one of aesthetics’ priorities. Therefore, not only recognition of visual qualities, but also their quantitative evaluation is also important in aesthetics. Different visual qualities participate in the formation of façades, one of which is porosity. If these visual qualities studied, interpreted and measured, their factors, rules, and attributes can be extracted and using them as variables, the aesthetics of façades can be evaluated. This research is based on the question of how porosity can be measured and evaluated as one of the visual quality of façade and what is the relation between the quantitative measures of these buildings' façade's porosity?
The purpose of this research is to investigate the concept of porosity as a visual quality and to decode the art of designing and constructing façades in Iranian-Islamic architecture by quantitatively measuring the porosity. The study in theoretical part, using the analytical-descriptive method, has presented a theoretical framework. In the first stage a comparative method will be used. Collecting information in this research, in addition to documentary and library studies, will also include field studies that are used to compile the subject literature review to find the thematic framework. At this stage, by expressing the perceptual concept, the architectural porosity elements as well as the study of its theories, criteria, rules and components are explained. In the second stage, a quantitative method for measuring porosity will be presented using the criteria and components obtained in the previous stage, the classification of porosity elements, factors and effective variables of façade's porosity. Structured questionnaires will be used to find the relationship between these variables and their impact on each other and facade's porosity. In the third stage which is the case study section, the theoretical framework and the porosity quantitative measuring method are carried out in 30 main facades of historical houses of Tabriz city and gathered data are analyzed with descriptive statistics.
Based on the findings of the research, façades have a special feature called porosity number that is unique to them. The structure of the forming elements and the porosity changes of the façades also follow a particular pattern. The research also shows that the main trait of porosity is openness. Air circulation, light and the connection of internal and external spaces are major physical achievements of porosity and its spiritual achievement is space and raised meaning in architecture. Empty, despite the lack of material has an equal value, and sometimes more, than full, and how it is created and placed not only increases the physical and spatial quality but also can have an impact in facades’ evaluations. Porosity is one of the basic visual qualities, which over time has found a more significant role in façade. Porosity has a hidden and mysterious pattern that can be the result of aesthetic feedback from architects, observers/residents, and environmental conditions of the region. A certain evident percentage of porosity and a specific pattern and alignment of porous space arrangement found in this study indicate that, at least in Tabriz environmental conditions, a specific pattern of porosity is a part of the aesthetic preferences of the architects and the residential-historical architectural users of Tabriz city. This optimal and aesthetic level of porosity in the historical houses of Tabriz façades is close to 0.4 (40%).This pattern and alignment can be considered by contemporary architects in this cultural-climatic area as an aesthetic factor. Of course, the generalization of these features to other cities in Iran and beyond requires more and wider researches. This study showed that porosity as a visual quality and its quantitative measurement method can also be used as criteria of aesthetic evaluation of architectural façades.
Hamzeh Mohaghegh, Zahra Fallah Zavareh, Abbas Tarkashvand, Mohsen Faizi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2021)
Abstract
Today, the improvement of facades by means of technological tools has caused them to play a more active role in the relationship between inside and outside the building. One of these technological tools is the kinetic electromechanical device. numerous experimental efforts and researches have shown that moving (or kinetic) facade systems can establish a better interaction between inside and outside the building and by adjusting the environmental conditions, reduce their harmful role and increase the useful connection between inside and outside. one of the important issues in designing kinetic facades is their mechanism’s geometric shapes. This geometry, on the one hand, must be able to open and close, and on the other hand, must have aesthetic values. due to the systematic and mathematical nature in Islamic geometric patterns, they can be produced parametrically with new software and hardware. This indicates their possible use in kinetic facades. mobility in the facade (or its modules) requires the geometrical ability of its components to maintain its structure and continuity during transformation. The art of Origami is a useful tool to achieve this feature. Therefore, it seems that it is possible to turn an array of modules based on Islamic geometric patterns into a kinetic facade with the help of origami knowledge, which is transformed under certain conditions and a tool to optimize parameters related to the building performance by adjusting the internal and external connection. The facade of a building is associated with a set of factors. in this regard, it is said that the effect of natural light in shaping the shape of the building is very important. Accordingly, in this research, an attempt was made to extract the optimal geometry pattern and the appropriate origami stimulus angle by creating several origami patterns based on Islamic geometric patterns and adapting them to daylight at different times of the year. For this purpose, first, using quantitative mathematical tools, an algorithm was developed that could be used to create a wide range of Islamic geometric patterns. Then, in the next step, origami opening and closing modules were generated using these geometries as basic crease patterns. Next, three modules were selected to simulate daylight performance according to install them to the south façade of a room, and compared with three closed, medium and open modes, during the winter, summer and equinox. The comparison of these patterns was done by simulating the amount of light received in the software. The findings of this study include several main axes. First, the geometry of Islamic motifs can be reproduced by parametric patterns. second, these patterns can be transformed into three-dimensional folding structures. Also, the geometric model based on the 72-degree generating angle allows to receive the optimal amount of daylight.
Masoud Fallah, Abdul Hamid Noghrekar, Bahram Saleh Sadeghpour,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2023)
Abstract
Based on the principle of unity of existence and its levels, all creatures have descended from the divine essence through stages. During these stages, all creatures become to exist by passing a journey from the world of meaning to the world of form. This journey causes each creatures to make an extent of benefit from the truth of meaning (on the base of Attribute of Qadr). This extent of epiphany of truth of meaning in artifact should liberate man from formal veils and guide him to the pure source of meaning. In this regard, man should prepare the context for this task by recognizing the truth of the meaning and the process of its descent. Therefore, this research tries to first: understand the structure of human processes (Salaam theory), and then, examine the possibility of synchronizing it with the process of descent of meaning. this may help to further manifestation of this spiritual source. For this reason, at first it is tried to explain the theoretical framework of the research with an interpretative-analytical approach. This framework is the process of the descent of meaning through divine action in the creatures. Then by explaining the theory of “Salaam” and using the method of logical reasoning, an effort is made to adapt this theory with the process of Devine action. Then, during the examination of this adaptation in an especial case, it will concluded that: in order to manifest the truth of meaning in human artifacts, there should be a certain amount of interaction between" Asma al-fe’l" based on four Types of relations: marriage, confrontation, difference and cooperation. this amount should be recognized by professional ijtihad and used in the creation of artifacts.
