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A study of transparency behaviour of domes in Islamic mosque with emphasis on the notion of the spiritual lighting
Zeinab Nazer, Azita Belali Oskoui, Mohammad Ali Keynejad,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract

This research studies the concept of transparency behaviour of domes in Islamic mosque, with emphasis on the notion of the spiritual lighting.The topic of this study is important not only because it allows for a better understanding of the different types and purposes of these domes, but also because through calculating the veiling and revealing factor of each type, one can regenerate the use of dome in the architecture.In the analysis of quantitative factors, the quality of light in space and how to show the influence of Iranian architecture, structural elements play a prominent role.In the other words:Phrases related architectural lighting control within architecture elements that define spatial quality, are to identify and understand the value and meaning of the concept of light, began to attention to the importance of light in architecture.
The research method was used for which it is the consecutive combination explanation. Here, in the first stage, the quantitative data collected and analyzed, then in the second stage qualitative data collected and analyzed. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative analyzes are interpreted together.
The present study uses field measurements that the instrument used to collect the data, cameras and imaging and to take accurate of brightness quantitative information, and the digital photometer and simple devices were used, and its information has been gathered from documents and fieldwork. In this way the fieldwork for photometry to factors of physical and quantitative impact on the quality of light were studied and after identifying the physical factors affecting the quality of lighting the domes, the defining quality components transparency in relation to the characteristics of quality discussed and with quality components explaining to evaluate the degree of transparency of the domes of mosques reviewed, were studied. After examining different examples, seven residential mosque (Taj al-Mulk dome Isfahan Jame Mosque, Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque of Isfahan, Blue Mosque of Tabriz, Barsian mosque, Imam Mosque in Isfahan, Jame Mosque of Yazd, Jame Mosque Ardestān) werechosen in the Iranian Islamic architecture.
The tools used to gather the data were cameras for photography and videorecording and a photometer for measuring light levels. The analysis of the information gathered indicates that the differentcharacteristics of domes all in their own way affect the level of spirituality and purity and transparency that the domesprovides. By examining the physical properties dome, transparency evokes components include: Unity (Unity means the harmony of the whole composition. The parts of a composition made to work together as a total visual theme. Unity is the relationship among the elements of a visual that helps all the elements function together. Unity gives a sense of oneness to a visual image. In other words, the words and the images work together to create meaning.), spatial continuity of light (a way to show how one type of space is directly linked to another by the light elements), the relationship between inside and outside (Physical or sensual links between inside and outside must be defined in some way that can characterize unique identity of each space and also establish proper interaction in whole architectural space. This proper interaction can create sense of consistency and integrity between this two spatial realms and furthermore express a link and boundary that if it is developed causes to creation another space that it is not inside or outside but it poses some character of each kind; this ambiguous moment of spatial experience, with focus as a connection between inside and outside, can be named “in-between”), lightness and dematerialization, resilience and adaptability, utility and readability (reading space is a process of using spatial knowledge appropriately after acquiring it and processing it in the mind), expansion spatial and light balance in space, was determined, each of which is associated with the physical properties of the atmosphere of a traditional mosque dome were examined, that indicated the highest degree of transparency in the dome of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque with 95%, and lowest degree of transparency is in the dome of Ardestān Mosque with 50%. The data analysis shows, all different characteristic domes with our way affectson the spirituality and the skylights creates transparency, and show that expression of spiritual clarity on the architecture of mosques in their bilateral relations with cover and illumination. By better understanding the effects of these characteristics, it is possible to design modern domes and skylight that arebetter suited to contemporary tasks.


Reading the Physical Structure of Mosques on How to Perceive, Behave and Measure Audience Attendance, Case Study: Traditional and Contemporary Mosques in Qazvin
- Mahsa Mirsalami, - Ali Omranipour, - Sara Shareati,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
As a behavioral center, the mosque establishes a deep bond with its audience. This connection has been an inseparable part of the functioning of the mosque during many centuries from the creation of mosques until today. Several factors play a role in the behavioral and perceptual experiences of the audience in man-made spaces, including mosques, among these factors; Changes in form, variety of species and body in the structure of mosques are involved in the behavioral and spatial experiences of the audience. In the last decade, we can witness an increase in the formation of neighborhood mosques in the city of Qazvin, and most of these mosques lack vitality, dynamism, and the desired level of attendance of the audience and have simply turned into prayer rooms, this causes the inability to create a link between the space and the audience. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of relationship between the shape-physical structure of mosques and its effect on the perception of the audience; As the type of geometry, proportions, accesses at the same level, classes and spatial hierarchies, create different perceptual and behavioral experiences for users. On the other hand, the diversity and adaptability of activities and perceptual interfaces affected by the body of mosques on the attendance rate of the audience in the mosque have been examined. The research method in this research is the use of two quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection: the data has been collected through activity reports, questionnaires and informal interviews, which is a comprehensive picture of case samples with characteristics related to quality and spatial configuration. The spaces of the investigated mosques provide the type of perception of the audience and the types of performance. According to the mentioned cases, it is possible to match the syntactic indicators of depth with the physical factors of architecture and use depth indicators to measure the control of arenas and the level of permeability in the mosque environment. Also, by referring to the metric depth in the drawings of the space and the data obtained from the space of the selected samples, it can be examined. In the analysis, the indicators of the depth of the space and the number of thresholds and the location of the middle spaces in the diagram and the percentage of their occupied area in relation to the whole building are used. Since the method of space syntax deals with physical factors in a form and only on one level (the possibility of analyzing the difference of levels is not possible with the method of space syntax), this causes the continuation of the research in order to investigate some physical factors and the relationship between perceptual and behavioral components. Correlation method and formulating a questionnaire should be used on the attendance rate. According to the previous explanations, 240 questionnaires were distributed among the audience of selected mosques, of which 217 questionnaires were completed by the users according to the sample size. Therefore, in mosques with a central courtyard structure, one can observe the variety and adaptability of desirable activities of users in the mosque environment. Limitations in the proportions and spatial distribution of contemporary mosques due to their class nature have caused the interference of arenas and the lack of variety of activity events and behavioral sequences in such mosques, the behavioral currents in the field of essential, optional and social activities have been separated into classes. He says that this leads to the lack of diversity and adaptability of activities in the environment of class mosques and the attendance rate in them decreases compared to the mosques in the central courtyard; The findings of the research indicate that the classification and physical components of architecture such as distribution and interconnection, depth, spatial connection, arrangement and communication of internal accesses on diversity, activity adaptability and also the type of perception of the audience according to the perceptual mediators (needs and preferences) with the duration of the stop and The attendance rate of mosque users creates a strong and direct connection.

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