Mehran Alalhesabi, Mohamad Anampour, Haleh Hosseinpour,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (12-2017)
Abstract
Central parts of the cities regardless of their role and function, embrace more people than their own inhabitants heading for meeting their needs. This is more significant in city centers having ultra-city impacts ditto holy places. One of the main centers in pilgrimage cities is the Holy shrines’ surroundings which attract considerable population of non-inhabitants in addition to their own inhabitants. To retain the validity of this principal area, the population’s requirements should be provided at this very zone.
Thus urban planning should predict and provide all types of required services in these areas.
To reach this specific goal utilizing the methods and technics of urban service planning is essential. Despite using various and efficient methods for estimating and planning the services of inhabitants, lack of written procedures for evaluation of such services and considering requirements of fluid and non-inhabitants population are of the most problematic issues in planning of land use and services at the pilgrimage cores.
This paper is based on the authors’ experience in the field of planning services needed by pilgrims in the pilgrimage cities of MASHHAD and QOM. Due to the uncertainties and questions in this regard, this paper presents principles and methods for planning the needs of this group. In a way that it can be used for planning the developments of religious spaces and major or local urban plans.
To achieve this purpose, two methods of service planning have been used. One of them is based on functionally physical divisions of these areas and finally calculating the required infrastructure activities. And the other is based on utilizing common procedures of urbanism in Iran, the estimation of the fluid population in these areas and their corresponding needs and finally the calculation of their requirements based on per square meter.
Using of each method has some requirements stated after knowing each confine and determination of management needs. And each one of them has its own features and limitations addressed upon.
Ramin Khorsand, Reza Khayredin, Mehran Alalhesabi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
The realization of the concept of 24-hour city and urban nightlife has been controversial from the very beginning, even in the original source, the western cities. Adherents of the 24-hour city believe that the nightlife increases economic prosperity, presence of urban spaces, security enhancement, space branding, and etc. In contrast, opponents do not recommend the nightlife in cities for reasons such as energy wastage, occurrence of crime and offensive behaviors, environmental damage, increasing individuality and reducing social cohesion, and etc.
Survey on existing examples of the nightlife in different cities suggests that a single pattern for nightlife cannot be imagined. In each society, according to requirements and facilities, general culture and social relations, and even the policies of the governments and the urban managers, different examples of the urban nightlife have been obtained.
The introduction of this concept into the Islamic societies - including Iran - has also posed challenges to the urban management and citizens, including whether the same western concept of the 24-hour city and the nightlife can be realized in Iran? To what extent do those concepts and goals conform to Iranian-Islamic culture and lifestyle? And basically, what is the relationship between the concept of the 24-hour city and the nightlife with the Islamic instructions? And so the urban nightlife has had serious proponents and opponents in Iran.
A review of theoretical literature of the 24-hour city, based on the Islamic instructions and the local and the cultural capacities, can probably provide inference of the 24-hour city and the urban nightlife in accordance with the Islamic lifestyle and cities of the Islamic countries, including Iran. The present study seeks to answer the above questions with qualitative method and to provide a pattern of the 24-hour cities and the nightlife based on the Islamic culture and the local capacities.
