Abdolhamid Noqrehkar, Reihaneh Sadat Tabatabaei Yeganeh,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
One of the main reasons for the deviations of human schools in the East and West of the world, especially the modernist and postmodernist currents that were created in Western culture after the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, has spread around the world to the present day. These are the deviations that have occurred in the divine religions, especially Judaism and Christianity, by the believers of these religions. Authoritative Islamic sources (Divine Word and Tradition of the Infallibles) have explained and analyzed these deviations. An example of such distortions is the Christian's belief in concepts (God, the Prophet, man's relationship with God, the Prophet, the ulema, society, and nature). In this paper, the effect of these deviations on one of the most important elements of human civilization, namely (human places of worship) and as a special example (cruciform churches) from the Islamic point of view, based on theory (Salam) has been interpreted and analyzed. The theory (Salam) divides human processes such as the construction of a place of worship into five general stages (ideas, motivations, and methods of the architect-artist, to create the body of the work and the effects of the work on the audience) and the effect of the deviations of each stage to the stages. Next, he interprets and analyzes the creation of the architectural work and its effects. In this theory, it is stated that the prophets and divine schools have provided innocent resources and bases for the first three stages of human processes with titles (beliefs, rules and ethics) and the fourth stage requires specialized ijtihad and creation of works by human beings in The world has nature. Thus, the existing problems in the form of civilizational works, including (the crucifixion churches), are the result of deviations in (beliefs, rules, and ethics) created in Christian culture. The present study is fundamental and the research method of this research is documentary and based on reliable primary and secondary sources and well-founded Islamic principles (analytical and interpretive) as well as the four Gospels and early Christian texts. In conclusion, the effects of Christian deviations (doctrinal, behavioral, and methodological) on the body of cruciform churches in terms of dimensions (geometric-spatial ideas, arrays, and symbols) have been evaluated and analyzed.
Mr Abdolhamid Noghrekar, Dr Salman Noghrekar,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
This article marks the outset of a comprehensive series dedicated to evaluating architectural works in Iran and across the world through the lens of Islamic principles, with the ultimate objective of producing a scholarly book on the subject matter. Specifically, the initial phase of this article delves into the influence of cultural deviations on the architectural design of temples and places of worship from an Islamic perspective. The discourse commences with an introduction encompassing the categorization of divine and non-divine architectural schools, followed by an exploration of the reasons and justifications for evaluating architectural works worldwide within the framework of Islamic culture. In addition, the concept of prayer, characterized by its authenticity, formative nature, evolutionary potential, and optional aspects, is expounded upon to establish criteria for identifying suitable and preferred locations for prayer. Subsequently, the article examines various profound elements within architecture, including spatial and geometric concepts, appropriate and inappropriate embellishments, semantic and symbolic styles, as well as the integration of shrines within cultural and climatic contexts. To substantiate these principles, the evaluation extends to authentic mosques from Iran's Islamic era, featuring notable examples such as the transformation of the four-arch fire temple into the Izadkhast Mosque, the Jame'a Mosque of Isfahan, and the Imam Mosque of Isfahan. Additionally, non-authentic and heretical mosques before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran are assessed, with notable cases including the Al-Javad Mosque, University of Tehran Mosque, Al-Ghadir Mosque, Tehran Carpet Museum Prayer Hall, Valiasr Mosque in the south of Daneshjoo Park (both its old and new designs), and the Imam Khomeini Mosalla. Employing a holistic and comprehensive research methodology anchored in Islamic sources and foundations, this study adopts a combined qualitative and quantitative approach, considering the causal relationship between ideas and phenomena. The infallible sources of this research are the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Infallible Prophets, while fallible sources encompass individual reasoning and the consensus of experts. The validity of rational propositions is substantiated through logical reasoning, while narrative propositions are supported through the interpretation of authentic sources. The findings of this research unequivocally demonstrate how belief systems and cultural deviations exert unfavorable and inappropriate effects on the religious practices, behavior, and rituals of worshipers, ultimately impacting the intricate and overarching structure of prayer halls.
