Mohammad Mannan Raeesi, Zahra Ansaripour,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
The issue of non-observance of privacy in contemporary Iranian clothes and buildings is one of the most important cultural issues in the country due to its lack of proportion to the Islamic culture of Iran, it has brought various cultural and social consequences in contemporary Iranian society; in particular, there are some verses in the holly Qur'an referring to the issue of veiling for women, Like these verses: “O Prophet, tell your wives, your daughters and the believing women to draw their veils close to them, so it is likelier they will be known, and not hurt. Allah is the Forgiver, the Most Merciful” (Ahzab/59). “And say to the believing women, that they lower their gaze cast down their eyes and guard their chastity, and do not reveal their adornment except that which is outward (face and hands); and let them draw their veils over their neck, and not reveal their adornment except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husbands' fathers, or their sons, or their husbands' sons, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or what their right hands own, or such male attendants having no sexual desire, or children who have not yet attained knowledge of women's private parts; nor let them stamp their feet, so that their hidden ornament is known. And, O believers turn to Allah all together, in order that you prosper” (Noor/31).
This research using the historical interpretation method and with reference to documentary sources deals with this question that historically, in the recent centuries of Iran, is there a meaningful relationship between veil abandonment in clothing (especially women's clothing) and privacy abandonment in building (especially residential buildings)?
According to the findings of this research and in response to the above question, it is concluded that in the contemporary history of Iran, veil abandonment and privacy abandonment actions in clothes and buildings are rooted in a common vision which the intellectual school of liberalism, as one of the most important aspects of modernization and modernity, emphasizing the absolute freedom of the individual is the indicator of this insight. In the Pahlavi era, the manifestation of this liberalism in clothing has been interpreted as the discovery of the veil and the absolute freedom of women in dress and veil, as its expression in architecture has been interpreted as extravagance and privacy abandonment of buildings (spatial liberation). In addition to the common insight, the most important aspects of veil abandonment and privacy abandonment in Iranian clothing and buildings is eternality and extension of the government to the people during the Pahlavi era which the evidence of this claim is presented in this study.
Mahboobeh Sadat Mirshamsi, Professor Mohsen Vafamehr, Dr Heidar Jahan Bakhsh, Dr Zahra Barzegar,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (11-2023)
Abstract
In the noble verses of the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the Imams, multiple references have been made to places of worship, education, and residence. On the other hand, religious texts have extensively discussed light and its concepts. Architecture has long been a manifestation of sublime human emotions and a platform for the realization of human excellence. It creates a perceptible space that leads individuals to contemplation. Therefore, this article focuses on the assessment of daylight in the combined pattern of mosque-school-residential buildings, in one of its exceptional case studies, the Mansouriye Traditional Seminary in Shiraz. Daylight was evaluated based on indicators of illuminance, daylight factor, and light penetration depth on the first day of 22 December from 8 AM to 5 PM. The data for each component was collected in the selected southeast direction of worship, educational, and residential spaces using measurement methods (lux meter device), numerical calculations (Olgy formula), and geometric calculations. The data was then analyzed using two quantitative comparative methods with the standard of LED and the Iranian Lighting Design Association, and a qualitative analysis method. The results indicate satisfactory utilization of daylight in the studied space within the functional time frame of Islamic-Iranian architecture. The illuminance intensity in the mosque does not meet the standard. However, this indicator ranges from 200 to 500 lux in the school and from 150 to 500 lux in the room, aligning with the specified standards. The daylight factor in the place of worship does not have the standard, while it ranges from 2 to 5 percent in the school and in the room until 11 AM remain within the standard.
