Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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In recent century, urban development has caused be numerous changes in spatial structure of Iranian cities. One of the most changes has occurred in the relationships between urban elements and effect on grand the mosque functional spatial characteristics. Sabzevar grand mosque is one of the important elements of the historic city with religious and social function and had important role in urban spatial relation and solidarity. But today, this element has lost role as an urban space and isolated other urban municipal functions. From the spatial characteristics of space, mosque is a part of urban opens spaces and interacts with it. The position of the mosque by the spatial configuration analysis and its impact on the use of space, flow and function is explained. Mosque has formed by open spaces and its relationship with city space in a complex system and has changed from a mere physical element, to an element with spatial nature. The main research object is to study of functional and spatial configuration of the city and the mosque and analysis of its effects on grand mosque spatial and functional properties between two historical periods (1907- 2015). The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial characteristics of mosques and comparison with its existing functions. From Space Syntax theory; situations analysis and how to communicate these points in the city, indicate accessibility, hierarchy and choosing the paths leading to the specific points that have a direct relationship with the routing of these characteristics and mental structure of space urban. The important aspect in this research is topological analysis of urban spaces and their comparison to analysis of functional relationships. In other words; the availability of space or urban areas does not necessarily mean short distance and close it (physically), but the availability and arrangement of space or places dependent on the construction of urban space. Therefore, urban open spaces and the arrangement of the physical elements followed on space topological characters such as integration and choice, and features structural and functional relationship forms. Research is a quantitative-comparative study using spatial parameters as,integration, connectivity and choice which referred in the theory of space syntax analysis. The results showed that despite an increase of integration and connectivity the grand mosque in 2015, the standard deviation of historical mosque in the city has increased. The spatially the grand mosque in 1907, the integration of spatial and physical relationship is better than 2015. The studies of characteristics of the city in two historical periods indicate that the city of Sabzevar in 1907 was more cohesive and homogeneous nature. In addition to the grand mosque in historic period the clarity and intelligibility of the city is remarkable. Therefore; we can say that the element of the grand mosque has remarkable position in the hierarchy of urban space in this period. Analysis of the space a characteristic the show the grand mosque has defined as a place in urban space configuration and performed and indicated as an urban space. The basis of this analysis, evaluation of choice and integration and analysis of correlation of selected parameter that defined topological space characteristics. In terms of space syntax theory, if you have highest correlation between choice and integration, it has important position in urban configuration as functional characteristics. Comparison of results show that the mosque in the historical period, was as part of a system of communication and coordination with the city›s spatially and functionally. Therefore, the high integration and intelligibility caused to turn the grand mosque to a key element, promoting it as a unique space in the city. However, in contemporary times, this relationship is significantly lower than the historical period and shows that the mosque not only as an urban space as a physical element associated with urban space and spatial- functional properties. Finally, in the spatial structure of Iranian cities, the grand mosque was an important element and symbol of the Muslim community due to their position of spatial- functional properties. The grand mosque is not only a physical element that is specified by the fence and the wall surrounding the internal spaces, but rather an active urban element caused to integrated space and the city in global and local level.

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Functional efficiency performance space-oriented mosque like any other, it is influenced by the spatial configuration. In fact, religious spaces with unique featuressince the beginning of Islam has remained unchanged and only their own spaces. This special feature makes frequent use of specific patterns in the architecture of these buildings. The relationship between inputs, yard bedchamber (s)(or Shabestan) of the Mosque of these qualities. In many cases, there is a porch or Ivan of a communication node. In the form of a semi - open space, is the interface between the yard and bedchamber of the mosque. This study examines the role of the mosque›s porch to improve operational efficiency. In connection with the evaluation of functional efficiency using space efficiently, several studies have been completed. For example, Mustafa and his 2013 study, a variety of patterns and consider the variable dome mosques, with the introduction of elements of space efficiency, to evaluate the performance of these buildings have. To study and analyze the configuration space and the functional efficiency in a variety of patterns and a variety of home business has passages. Also in the article Khan (2012) to review and explain the functional efficiency indicators is discussed in hospitalsand the role of each component in order to optimize the layout of the interior space efficiency buildings, healthcare, according to the definitions analyzed and assessed. It should be noted that the present study was to evaluate the functional efficiency of the mosques with central courtyard space structure. Therefore, in this regard, this study intends to basic position Ivan element in achieving this important space in the form of mosques, explain. The hypothesis is also provided as follows: according to the calculation of operational efficiency indicators such as the depth of space, the association and the vision and perspective, space Layout mosques four porches highest functional efficiency.The research questions to examine the role of mosques Eyvan the configuration is as follows: Is Eyvan improve operational efficiency mosques is effective? Is count on a mosque porch can
improve the efficiency of its performance? How to Eyvan role in promoting functional efficiency
realized in the mosques?In order to achieve this goal in the first to introduce a paidwhich
explains the components of operating efficiency and definitions of it through studies that have
been conducted and evaluated the degree plan.So, in order to achieve this, two methods were
used.The first method uses mathematical syntax space.That information required to be used in
formulas, the plot justification for each of the samples obtained.The second method, using the
software Depthmap and analyze its output. the final results obtained from these two methods
revealed Eyvan and spaces that are dependent on the spatial structure of mosques increased
spatial depth, the degree of integration and better links between the yard and the Bedchamber the
combination of these factors, improving operational efficiency between the input space, garden
and Bedchamber (s) in the mosque. Software Depthmap including tools to analyze the different
spaces of urban spaces and architectural spaces, is used.With this software, such as deep space
indices visibility and visibility cone, and so on are useful.The software has features that can be
used to evaluate the efficiency indicators of the performance of different spaces payments.The
application for each of the areas in question, determine the calibration.Accordingly, any portion
of space considering the total area of the space and the position of the observer is standing, will
have a different grading. Among other results obtained from this study can be pointed to the
role of mosque porch improve operational efficiency;this means that the number of mosques
in the central courtyard porch increase its operational efficiency significantly increased. create
or increase the potential of space in mosques four porches because of elements such as Eyvan
and its related spaces (bedchamber behind it) than other samples The event observer relative
to the surrounding atmosphere and can be changed at first glance, this feature can be used to
improve the performance of the mosque.- Four-eyvan mosques because of the sequence of
spaces and their propagation, has more depth than the input space and depth are less than a
yard spaceBut due to space communication with other spaces in total efficiency is better than
the other mosques patterns.a total of four Eyvan mosques pattern due to the increased level of
communication spaces with each other, flexibility and permeability is there more space and thus
it tends to facilitate the movement of worshipers in the mosque is different spaces finally, with
regard to the importance of the porch to improve the operation efficiency of mosques, you can
mosque pattern layout of four porches due to its superior performance to other mosques patterns
used in the construction of mosques today.

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