Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

Ibn Haysam deals with how the process of visual perception and its relation to aesthetics in Almanazer thesis. He sees aesthetics as result of the interaction of 22 the particular visible properties in the process of perception. In this process, the external and internal forces interfere. The role of each particular visible property in this process is not the same. Some particular visible properties such as light and color alone, some other particular visible properties in combination with each other and some by being in general proportion, create beauty. In this research, the process of perception and aesthetic views of Ibn Haytham was analyzed and its role in architecture was investigated. The Jame Mosque of Esfahan has been studied as an example for better explain the issue and investigate the results. This mosque includes architectural thoughts and aesthetic approaches of different historical periods with a history of more than a thousand years. This research is of qualitative type and with descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, first the information obtained from library studies and documentary sources is examined and with a comparative approach deals with evaluation and aesthetics analysis from Ibn Haytham's perspective in architecture .
Ibn Haysam separates sensation and perception in aesthetics analysis and he believes eyesight receives the form of visible objects, and perception is not always made by premium sensation. in addition to premium sensation, but also inference may be necessary for perception, the sense of sight is unable for it . Ibn Haysam defines three perceptual levels, according to how and type of perception, effective forces and Perceptible the particular visible properties: 1- Perception by Pure Sensation is perception premium through visual senses. the two properties of light and color, which expressing the form of objects and are inherent in objects, are perceived in perception by pure sensation. 2- Perception by Recognition deals with similarity or difference between the particular visible properties after receiving the form of objects with the visual senses. This similarity and difference cause perception of their intensity and weakness in light and color which is done with denotative. the situation, size and movement create based on the comparison between the components of an object or object with another object in the perception by properties like the shape. Also, in some cases, all the particular visible properties are perceived, which is done through denotative and comparison. Perception by recognition is done in light of the former knowledge and the use of patterns and symbols that they used to store in memory and the intervention of mind. 3- Perception by Inference is at a higher level than perception by recognition and in addition to the denotative and necessary comparison in perception by recognition, according to said Ibn Haysam, a higher comparison the second comparison (comparison with contemplation) is needed and by using judgement and inference, all abstract concepts and meanings that it existed in the particular visible properties of objects are perceived. According to the speed of mind performance and former audience's knowledge of phenomena, Ibn Haysam divides the perception into two groups "Glancing vision" and "Contemplation vision" and the two types of perception mentions for each group. In addition to analyzing Ibn Haytham's aesthetic views, this study investigates its application in architecture. The awareness of architects with the process of perception creates different perceptual levels for the audience and it cause his more interaction with the structure. On the other hand, effective the particular visible properties in aesthetics are generalizable in architecture and it helps the methodical analysis of visual perception.

In the last three decades, many studies have been done in the design process. In some of these studies, there is a psychological or philosophical view. In Iran, there are few examples of a philosophical approach to the design process. One of the important attitudes in global and Iranian attitudes, which also has a strong philosophical root in Western thought; The attitude is Dualism. This research tries to clarify the influence of Mulla Sadra's philosophy in the design process. This research has a practical purpose. This research wants to provide designers with results compatible with philosophical foundations. Argumentative-analytical research method is based on philosophical rules. This research first has an overview of architectural design processes. The components obtained from these processes are these doubles: "implicit knowledge-scientific knowledge"; "Unconsciousness - self-awareness"; "divergence-convergence"; "Black box-transparent box" and "normative-proof theories". Each of these duals has an important role in the formation of the design process. These doubles are formed under the philosophical theories of structuralism or deconstruction and with the older roots of Hegelian dialectics; Sometimes psychological views such as "conscious" and "unconscious" play a role in them. The current research defines all doubles with two components: "simultaneous birth of part and whole from within each other"; This definition is obtained from Mulla Sadra's Basit al-Haqiqa rule. The result of the research is: the part-whole duality is the product of the experiences of the first to third generation of the design process. Each part of this dual is used in different parts of the design; So both parts can be used in the design process. Based on this, each architectural component in each part of the design stages can be examined from two different aspects and can be effective on architectural design processes: 1- It looks at itself from the aspect that is a part and is in plurality; 2- From that aspect which is the whole, it looks beyond itself (to its simple self) and is in unity. The innovation of this research is the navigation of the definition of "whole from part" and "part from whole" which probably creates necessary and valuable paths for the design process. It can be a comprehensive look between three generations of architectural design process and define the fourth generation.