Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

Today, the improvement of facades by means of technological tools has caused them to play a more active role in the relationship between inside and outside the building. One of these technological tools is the kinetic electromechanical device. numerous experimental efforts and researches have shown that moving (or kinetic) facade systems can establish a better interaction between inside and outside the building and by adjusting the environmental conditions, reduce their harmful role and increase the useful connection between inside and outside. one of the important issues in designing kinetic facades is their mechanism’s geometric shapes. This geometry, on the one hand, must be able to open and close, and on the other hand, must have aesthetic values. due to the systematic and mathematical nature in Islamic geometric patterns, they can be produced parametrically with new software and hardware. This indicates their possible use in kinetic facades. mobility in the facade (or its modules) requires the geometrical ability of its components to maintain its structure and continuity during transformation. The art of Origami is a useful tool to achieve this feature. Therefore, it seems that it is possible to turn an array of modules based on Islamic geometric patterns into a kinetic facade with the help of origami knowledge, which is transformed under certain conditions and a tool to optimize parameters related to the building performance by adjusting the internal and external connection. The facade of a building is associated with a set of factors. in this regard, it is said that the effect of natural light in shaping the shape of the building is very important. Accordingly, in this research, an attempt was made to extract the optimal geometry pattern and the appropriate origami stimulus angle by creating several origami patterns based on Islamic geometric patterns and adapting them to daylight at different times of the year. For this purpose, first, using quantitative mathematical tools, an algorithm was developed that could be used to create a wide range of Islamic geometric patterns. Then, in the next step, origami opening and closing modules were generated using these geometries as basic crease patterns. Next, three modules were selected to simulate daylight performance according to install them to the south façade of a room, and compared with three closed, medium and open modes, during the winter, summer and equinox. The comparison of these patterns was done by simulating the amount of light received in the software. The findings of this study include several main axes. First, the geometry of Islamic motifs can be reproduced by parametric patterns. second, these patterns can be transformed into three-dimensional folding structures. Also, the geometric model based on the 72-degree generating angle allows to receive the optimal amount of daylight.

Abstract
Traditional geometric patterns in architecture and decoration are rooted in the cultural identity of each region and in cities such as Dezful, they display its special cultural and identity characteristics. In Dezful, the geometric patterns of the bricks, known as the khavoon chini are one of the hallmarks of the citychr('39')s cultural identity. Due to the hot climate of Dezful, the architects used hollow walls with the mentioned patterns to shade with climatic purposes. The traditional styles created in each region are the result of the experience of people who tried to create the best performance for the buildings of the region by using local elements and materials. As in Dezful, by using bricks and geometric patterns, in addition to creating special decorative elements of the region (khavoon chini), they have been thinking of creating shade in the high temperature of the city. The important point is that the thermal behavior of these patterns has not been compared and how in contemporary architecture these patterns can improve the thermal performance of walls is unknown. This study tries to revive the cultural identity of the region by using traditional geometric patterns such as khavoon chini, to provide a solution to improve the thermal behavior of hollow shaded walls and by examining the thermal behavior of these designs, to suggest an optimal model that revives the cultural identity of the city. , Have a good performance in terms of climate. The research method of this research is a combined method that in addition to historical interpretive studies, includes experimental and simulation methods. First, with the help of library and field studies, geometric patterns and native patterns were studied and classified, and then the thermal behavior of these patterns on the outer wall of the double-walled wall was analyzed by simulation. In this research, simulations were performed with Energy Plus software. The results showed that the use of traditional patterns in order to revive cultural identity in the form of geometric facades, has a very good climatic performance and reduce the indoor temperature by several degrees in the warmer months of the year. The type of geometric pattern used in the outer wall, the climatic function of the walls is different and each role requires a specific function. Accordingly, cross patterns have performed better.
 
Research Method:
The research method of this research was combined and did not involve experimental research, simulation and case study strategies. Based on this, first the authorized, analytical and field library studies were performed and simulated by software energy. Geometric patterns as an independent variable, and thermal behavior of a double-walled wall as a dependent variable were studied in this study. In order to analyze the data as well as intervention in architecture, the simulation method was used (according to the literature). The simulations were performed by CTF calculation method and Energy Plus software version 8.2. Performance of Energy Plus software based on technical specifications including physical, introduction of its mechanical and electrical system using annual water data of the hour (target city), temperature information as well as cooling and heating load required for simulation and analysis and Also, with a limited definition in order to buy a limited title, do comfort in the desired calculations (Abolhassani et al., 2015: 107-118). For internal surface convective heat transfer calculations, the software TARP method is used, which is based on an algorithm developed by Walton (Walton, 1983). The DOE-2 method has also been used for calculations related to external surface convective heat transfer (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1994). Also, the validity and reliability of this software in the article (comparison of the thermal behavior of the walls of the southern thrombus with different geometric composition in the corridor spaces of Ahvaz) has already been proven (Rahaei, Rezaeizadeh, 1399: 2521-2531).
 
Conclusion:
As shown in three diagrams 7, 8 and 9, the three models proposed in this study (Figures 1 to 3) can well control the thermal behavior of external walls and their conversion into double-walled walls will have very positive effects. These three proposed models have been very close to each other, but considering that the cross model has performed better than the other models by one degree in the hottest month of the year, so this model can be selected as the superior model. As a result, it will prove that, contrary to popular belief, motion patterns are much more influential in the thermal behavior of khavoon chini models than the degree of knot and complexity in each model. Therefore, according to the simulations that were performed and according to the results obtained from the proposed model and the real patterns in the old texture, for Dezful climate, which usually makes the building to the southwest, the cross pattern is proposed, which will provide better performance. This method as a passive method has many effects on climate performance in both hot and cold seasons and is recommended to revive the cultural identity of Dezful and improve climatic performance as well as improve the thermal behavior of the walls of khavoon chini patterns as Use a passive method.