Journal of Researches in Islamic Architecture

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Mosques in traditional urbanism, were always a turning point of environment and in the constellation of diverse and familiar function, also were considered as necessary part of current life of the city. Mosque as the community space of believers in every morning, noon and evening, always was at the heart of a residential areas and neighborhoods. Mosque has historically been the place of many activities and performances, sometimes was as center of state and sometimes political and economic participation took place there. Proximity to the physical and spiritual life, provided community involvement and attachment to the space of mosque. In fact, the quality of the mosques was not only determined by physical factors, but also by the product of communication and interaction between the mosque and its users. Unfortunately, contemporary mosque is reduced to a mere place of worship area that is very partial and limited considering the concept and the reality of the mosque as a social space. Contemporary mosques, even with fine architecture, have no sociability. Specializing activities and development of sodium-oriented thinking, especially in the land sector, promoting the spread of the separation of religion from public life, the role of mosques in the city has changed and social role of the mosque has been taken away. Contemporary mosques separately from other municipal functions are located on the side of the causeway and do not induce centrality and dominance to other activities. Most of the mosques especially designed ones, over the past decades, are not designed for social activities and are rarely able to comprehensively meet the needs of their community. If once a mosque determined the location and type of city function and relationships, today other issues, including the main street, cars, entertainment center and market place determine location of mosque and other functions. So today mosque’s quality is decreased and its social role is abated .Mosque’s connection to the social life layers leads to increase the quality of mosque’s space. The research methods in this study is descriptive and field studies (questionnaire), and the library research. In this study, through a questionnaire three sample of Hamadan mosques (ChamanChopanan mosque, Shalbafan mosque and Kolanaj mosque) as successful mosques were studied. According to the direct connection between sociability and people, the residents of the neighborhood surrounding the mosque and its worshipers were considered as statistical society in this research. For statistical analysis and for data interpretationSPSS16 software and Office 2007 (WORD & EXCEL) were used consequently.,. The research question is, what component of mosque’s sociability causes to improve the mosques’ quality? Three hypotheses have been proposed in the study. according to the results of the study, the first two hypotheses were approved and the third hypothesis was rejected.

Hypothesis 1: It seems that, there is a significant difference between three mosques location. Hypothesis 2: It looks like there is a significant difference between functional diversity of three mosque .Hypothesis 3: It looks like the continuation of the use of the mosque there is a significant difference. Statistical software used for statistical analysis was SPSS16. The results show that three factors: locating, integrating with mosque performance and other public Performance, continuing use of the mosque are as effective components of mosques sociability that are effective

Regarding the quality of mosques, Locating is the most important factor of mosques’ sociability. Mosques’ locating should be in the main communication axes of city. Mosque’s association with residential fabric and main city function is one of the most important factors in locating. Associating with residential fabric provide walking access in a short time for people. Associating with main function increase socialization. The locating of the mosque should be such that the physical and spiritual needs of people simultaneously accountability. Have a variety of activities and proper character of the mosque is to attract different social groups, would be socialization mosques. Index duration, stresses on the use of mosques as a social space, 24 hours a day.

Considering that today most of the mosques are open only during the prayering times-five times a day-this is incompatible with the socialization mosques.

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The first step to the architectural design of each building, is physical extraction program. There are various functions in mosques capability with a larger scale. Selecting these functins and location of deployment of them are the most challenging parts of the mosque's design. Functions choice in the mosques of Islamic Iranian cities should be based on the priority that is consistent with Sharia done. In the fatwas of the sources of imitation, compatibility of any uses with worship, is the basis for choosing that function in the mosques. But is the location of the deployment of each functions's space in architectural design related to its compatibility? In connection with this question, this hypothesis is presented: The more the lateral functions compatibility is, the more should be in a place closer to the worship space.
The main objectives of this article are determining compatibility criteria for lateral uses with religios function, Prioritization of lateral uses based on the degree of compatibility, determining the position of lateral users to the worship spaces and finally the relationship between the level of compatibility and the position of the deployment of mosque lateral uses to the use of worship.
In order to achieve this goals, after the functions in the mosque at the regional scale identification, closed questionnaire responses was designed. By giving a questionnaire to 25 Experts of mosque architectural design and analyzing it with the Chi-squared test, which is a nonparametric and statistical test. Thus, the user's location with a significant level of 0.05 was determined by the use of worship. The results show that in the level of 95% confidence, according to the experts of the mosque architecture, there is a consensus about the location of 20 functions. In the case of the remaining 5 functions, with the addition of the first three options for user deployment, four things can be agreed upon, and there was no consensus on a single user. Thus the status of functions was determined.
then by referring verdicts religious scholars, consistency criteria of each function with religious function was determined, and Closed questionnaire responses was designed and were given to statistical society including two groups of religious and architectural experts. To summarize and analyze the questionnaires, an analytical approach to decision making model and Topsis degree of congruity of applications were assessed and prioritized. After that considering the degree of compatibility, the position of lateral functins of mousques Relative to Main spaces of worship in regional mosques was identified.
Based on this, consistent criteria of each function with religious function, are failure to conflict with the mosque and not to disturb the worshipers. According To these criteria, lateral functions of mosques were classified to four categories include very consistent, consistent, slightly consistent and inconsistent with religious function.
Finally, in order to measure the research hypothesis, it was found that the research hypothesis is true at high levels of adaptability or incompatibility. That is, in the case of some highly adaptable lateral applications, it is recommended that they should be inside the mosque and for inconsistent uses, it is recommended that they should be outside the mosque. But for applications with medium and low degree of compatibility, this is not the case, and more consideration should be given to architectural design.

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