Muhammad Syafiq Sheik Azmi, Muhamad Hisyam Rosle, Muhammad Nazrin Shah Shahrol Aman, Ali Akbar Abd Aziz, Chandran Tetegre,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (Special Issue on the 1st International Conference on ELECRiS 2024 Malaysia - June 2025)
Abstract
The automation of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly using robotic arms is increasingly essential in the electronics manufacturing industry, driven by the need for high precision and efficiency. A significant challenge in this process is the delicate handling and accurate placement of various types of PCB boards, such as SATA M.2, mSATA, and SATA Slim. This research aims to design and evaluate a vacuum-based robotic gripper using a vacuum generator and soft suction cup for the pick-and-place operations of electronic PCB boards. The methodology involves the design, fabrication, and experimental testing of the vacuum gripper, analyzing its performance across different feed pressures and vacuum levels. The principal results show that the vacuum gripper is highly effective in securely handling different PCB types, with success rates improving significantly at higher feed pressures, particularly at 0.3 MPa where all three PCB types attained perfect success rates of 100%. Specifically, the vacuum flow rates at a vacuum level of 80 kPa were 0.0010 NL/s, 0.002 NL/s, and 0.0030 NL/s for feed pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa, and 0.3 MPa, respectively. These findings confirm the vacuum gripper's capability to enhance automation in PCB assembly, offering a scalable and adaptable solution that meets the industry's demands for precision, efficiency, and reliability. Overall, the vacuum gripper demonstrated a 100% success rate for all tested PCB types at optimal feed pressure, significantly improving. This study provides a foundation for future improvements in robotic handling systems for delicate electronic components.
