Showing 13 results for Karimi
Khodabandehloo, Mirzakuchaki, Karimi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (January 2006)
Abstract
The mixed-signal circuits with both analog and digital blocks on a single chip have wide applications in communication and RF circuits. Integrating these two blocks can cause serious problems especially in applications requiring fast digital circuits and high performance analog blocks. Fast switching in digital blocks generates a noise which can be introduced to analog circuits by the common substrate. This noise can decrease the performance of mixed-signal circuits therefore, studying this noise and the way it is transmitted will lead to solutions for reducing it and improving mixed-signal circuit’s performance. In this paper, an efficient model for substrate is extracted from Green’s function in MATLAB environment, and its accuracy is demonstrated. Using a VCO and a multiplier as analog and digital blocks, respectively and simulating them along with the proposed model of the substrate, the effects of substrate noise coupled to analog blocks are shown. Finally, some methods for reducing this noise are applied to the circuit, and the results are compared to each other. The results indicate that using P+ Guard Rings is the best method for reducing substrate noise in the mixed-signal circuits.
Gh. R. Karimi, and S. Mirzakuchaki,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (October 2008)
Abstract
During the past few years, a lot of work has been done on behavioral models and
simulation tools. But a need for modeling strategy still remains. The VHDL-AMS language
supports the description of analog electronic circuits using Ordinary Differential Algebraic
Equations (ODAEs), in addition to its support for describing discrete-event systems. For
VHDL-AMS to be useful to the analog design community, efficient semiconductor device
models must be available. In this paper, potential merits of the new IEEE VHDL-AMS
standard in the field of modeling semiconductor devices are discussed. The device models
for diodes and the principles, techniques, and methodology used to achieve the design of an
analytical third generation Spice transistor MOS model named EKV are presented. This is
done by taking into account the thermoelectrical effect in VHDL-AMS, and with relevant
parameters set to match a deep submicron technology developed in VHDL-AMS. The
models were validated using System Vision from Mentor Graphics.
L Hassan, H Sadati, J Karimi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (December 2013)
Abstract
An integrated fuzzy guidance (IFG) law for a surface to air homing missile is introduced. The introduced approach is a modification of the well-known proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law. The IFG law enables the missile to approach a high maneuvering target while trying to minimize control effort as well as miss-distance in a two-stage flight. In the first stage, while the missile is far from the intended target, the IFG tends to have low sensitivity to the target maneuvering seeking to minimize the overall control effort. When the missile gets closer to the target, a second stage is started and IFG law changes tactic by increasing that sensitivity attempting to minimize the miss-distance. A fuzzy-switching point (FSP) controller manages the transition between the two stages. The FSP is optimized based on variety of scenarios some of which are discussed in the paper. The introduced scheme depends on line-of-sight angle rate, closing velocity, and target-missile relative range. The performance of the new IFG law is compared with PNG law and the results show a relative superiority in wide variety of flight conditions.
G. Karimi, F. Sabaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (September 2017)
Abstract
An ultra-wide band band-pass filter using novel spiral stub-loaded triple-mode resonator (SSLTMR) is presented. New spiral stub loaded resonator is analyzed with odd and even modes analysis for this class of BPF, achieving higher band wide and size reduction. In order to have a good response characterized, two (SSL-TMRs) and two quarter wavelength digital coupled lines are used. This new design filter produces triple modes, one odd mode and two even modes in the desired band and two transmission zeroes (TZs) out of band, providing sharp cut off, low insertion-loss and good return-loss characteristics. The measured results are in good agreement with the electromagnetic simulation.
A. Hamidi, A. Ahmadi, S. Karimi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (March 2018)
Abstract
In AC-DC power conversion, active front end rectifiers offer several advantages over diode rectifiers such as bidirectional power flow capability, sinusoidal input currents and controllable power factor. A digital finite control set model predictive controller based on fixed-point computations of an active front end rectifier with unity displacement of input voltage and current to improve dynamic response has been presented in this paper. Here by using a predictive cost function and fixed-point computations, the optimal switching state to be applied in the next sampling is selected. The low-cost architecture is implemented on a FPGA platform. Designed architecture is constructed based on fixed-point arithmetic with minimal functional units. The control algorithm, which is used in this architecture, is Finite-Set Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC). Compared with other controllers, this controller provides a much better dynamic performance. Finally, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the fixed-point computations several cases for various loading conditions and word lengths are verified.
F. Khamin Hamedani, Gh. Karimi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (December 2018)
Abstract
A novel dual-band bandpass filter (DB-BPF) with controllable parameters in design process and a compact structure is introduced in this paper. The total structure includes open-circuited and short circuited coupled-lines, leading to a compact circuit. The resonance frequencies, insertion loss and quality factor can be independently controlled by adjusting the coupled lines. In order to eliminate the magnetic and electric coupling effects, the virtual grounds are placed in coupled complementary hairpin resonator. To verify the validity of the design approach, a DB-BPF centring, at 3.5 and 5 GHz with respective insertion losses of 0.7 and 0.58dB for WIMAX (IEEE 802.16 band) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11 band) applications has been designed and fabricated, whose the measured results confirm the electromagnetic simulation.
O. Honarfar, A. Karimi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (September 2020)
Abstract
Distribution load flow (DLF) calculation is one of the most important tools in distribution networks. DLF tools must be able to perform fast calculations in real-time studies at the presence of distributed generators (DGs) in a smart grid environment even in conditions of change in the network topology. In this paper, a new method for DLF in radial active distribution networks is proposed. The method performs a very fast DLF using zooming algorithm associated with a fast-decoupled reactive power compensation (ZAFDRC) technique, not in all of the buses of the grid, causes to reduce the solution time, which is the most important issue in the real-time studies. The proposed method is based on the zooming algorithm and does not require to calculate the bus-injection to branch-current (BIBC) matrix which reduces the computational burden and helps to decrease the solution time. The method is tested on the IEEE 69-bus systems as a balanced network and the IEEE 123-bus as a very unbalanced system. The results confirm the high accuracy and high speed of the proposed method.
M. Norianfar, S. Karimi, H. M. Cheshmehbeigi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (September 2020)
Abstract
This paper suggests a new control method to modify the virtual impedance performance in unbalanced conditions. The proposed method compensates the voltage drop that occurred due to the virtual impedance and adjusts the voltage of the point of common coupling at a desirable level. To compensate the voltage drop, the reference voltage in the droop control varies according to the proposed algorithm. Moreover, a modified decoupled double synchronous reference frame is introduced to achieve appropriate active and reactive power sharing and voltage balancing, simultaneously. Finally, the simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink are provided to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Z. Najafniya, Gh. Karimi, Mahnaz Ranjbar,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (September 2021)
Abstract
Neural synchronization is considered as a key role in several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Epilepsy’s disease. During these diseases, there is increased synchronization of massive numbers of neurons. In addition, evidences show that astrocytes modulate the synaptic interactions of the neuronal population. The Astrocyte is an important part of a neural network that can be involved in the desynchronization of the neuronal population. In this paper, we design a new analog neuromorphic circuit to implement the effect of astrocyte in the desynchronization of neural networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the astrocyte circuit as a feedback path can be desynchronized to a synchronized neural population. In this circuit, as a first step, the population of twenty neurons is synchronized with the same input currents. Next, by involving an astrocyte feedback circuit, the synchronization of the neural network is disturbed. Then, the neuronal population will be desynchronized. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated using HSPICE simulator in 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology.
S. A. Karimi, S. Mirzakuchaki,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (December 2021)
Abstract
Various methods have been proposed to detect the attention and perception of an operator during tasks such as radar monitoring. Due to the high accuracy of electroencephalographic signals, it is utilized for systems based on brain signal. The event-related potential (ERP) technique has been widely used for testing theories of perception and attention. Brain-computer Interface (BCI) provides the communication link between the human’s brain and an external device. In this article, we propose a method to investigate the attention of operators of very sensitive monitoring devices, in particular, the operators of navy ships’ radars in detecting fighter aircrafts. Using a Visual Stimuli, which was shown to the subjects prior to the test, the protocol utilized in this paper yielded a very high accuracy (up to 87%), which makes it a robust method to use in such conditions. Linear LDA and non-linear SVM classifiers were utilized in processing the output signal. Although several P300 systems have been used to detect attention using pattern recognition techniques, the novelty of this study is that attention detection is used for the first time for a radar operator which resulted in acceptable accuracy.
A. Hamidi, S. Karimi, A. Ahmadi,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (June 2023)
Abstract
One of the problems in digital control of power converters is calculation time in each sampling instant which effect on cost and complexity of digital controller. In this paper, a formula is introduced for calculating the number of clock cycles in each sample then interaction between sampling frequency and implementation cost (number of functional units and word length) of FPGA-based digital controller of DC-AC converter (three-phase four-legs inverter) is verified. The digital architecture is built on finite set model predictive control, and implemented on the FPGA board based on fixed-point calculations. We consider two digital architectures for design the controller in this study. One with four functional units and another with six functional units. This study aims to develop a mathematical equation for the number of clock cycles in each time instant to select the best switching state in the control algorithm, which affects the sampling frequency and clock frequency. Based on the obtained results, the number of functional units, word-length, and the number of switches determine the maximum clock cycles. By knowing maximum clock cycles the maximum sampling frequency is determined. In structure with four functional units, the maximum sampling frequency is 71 kHz for WL=8 bits and 17.7 kHz for WL=32 bits, and in structure, with six functional units, the maximum sampling frequencies are 97.6 and 24.4 kHz for WL=8 and WL=32 bits, respectively. In architecture with more functional units, we have greater sampling frequency with more accuracy and cost. The results obtained from this paper can be a reference for digital controller design.
Hamid Karimi,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (March 2024)
Abstract
This paper proposes a stochastic optimization problem for local integrated hydrogen-power energy systems. In the proposed model, the integrated system tries to reduce the day-ahead operation costs using dispatchable resources, renewable energy resources, battery energy storage systems, demand response programs, and energy trading with the upstream network. Also, the integrated system is able to transact electricity with the upstream network to get more benefits. When the generation of renewable resources is high, the integrated system can convert the surplus electricity to hydrogen by power-to-gas units. The generated hydrogen can be sold to different industries or stored in the hydrogen tank storage. During peak hours, the stored hydrogen can be imported into the gas-to-power unit to generate the required electricity. The sector coupling between electricity and hydrogen provides more flexibility for integrated systems and is an effective solution to control the uncertainty of renewable energy resources in order to increase the power and energy flexibilities. The simulation results show that the proposed sector coupling provides the opportunity for electricity and hydrogen trading for integrated system. The benefit of the integrated system by electricity and hydrogen trading with the upstream network and different industries are $ 88.39, and $ 6846, respectively.
Abolfazl Karimiyan Abdar, Ali Esteki, Mohsen Sheikh Hassani,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (March 2024)
Abstract
The impact of cognitive tasks on human movement is of practical significance; we hereby aim to demonstrate that a significant relationship exists between the dual task’s cognitive demand and the disruption caused in hand movement, with the hope to extend this experiment to subjects with disorders (MS, CP, stroke patients) in future studies. By doing so, we hope to be able to develop a metric for evaluating their disease levels using our method and minimize clinical interventions. While previous research has predominantly focused on lower body activities, this study explores the effect of dual tasks on hand movements in healthy individuals.
A simulated finger-to-nose test combined with a standard reverse counting task, featuring four difficulty levels, was conducted. Utilizing SVM and decision tree classifiers, we analyzed various features to discern the impact of cognitive tasks on hand movements, including completed cycles and idle time at markers. Our findings reveal that features such as entropy and kurtosis effectively distinguish between task difficulty levels and hand movement disruption. The classifiers achieved accuracies of 70% and 74% for decision tree and SVM, respectively. We hope extending this research to diseased subjects could potentially provide a more accurate assessment of disease severity through the measurement of hand movements during cognitive tasks, offering a non-clinical alternative for disease evaluation.
