Showing 9 results for Electricity Market
T. Barforoushi, M. P. Moghaddam, M. H. Javidi, M. K. Sheik-El-Eslami,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (4-2006)
Abstract
Medium-term modeling of electricity market has essential role in generation
expansion planning. On the other hand, uncertainties strongly affect modeling and
consequently, strategic analysis of generation firms in the medium term. Therefore, models
considering these uncertainties are highly required. Among uncertain variables considered
in the medium term generation planning, demand and hydro inflows are of the greatest
importance. This paper proposes a new approach for simulating the operation of power
market in medium-term, taking into account demand and hydro inflows uncertainties. The
demand uncertainty is considered using Monte-Carlo simulations. Standard Deviation over
Expected Profit (SDEP) of generation firms based on simulation results is introduced as a
new index for analyzing the influence of the demand uncertainty on the behavior of market
players. The correlation between capacity share of market players and their SDEP is also
demonstrated. The uncertainty of inflow as a stochastic variable is dealt using scenario tree
representation. Rational uncertainties as strategic behavior of generation firms, intending to
maximize their expected profit, is considered and Nash-Equilibrium is determined using the
Cournot model game. Market power mitigation effects through financial bilateral contracts
as well as demand elasticity are also investigated. Case studies confirm that this
representation of electricity market provides robust decisions and precise information about
electricity market for market players which can be used in the generation expansion
planning framework.
M. Esmaili, H. A Shayanfar, N. Amjady,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
Congestion management in electricity markets is traditionally done using deterministic values of power system parameters considering a fixed network configuration. In this paper, a stochastic programming framework is proposed for congestion management considering the power system uncertainties. The uncertainty sources that are modeled in the proposed stochastic framework consist of contingencies of generating units and branches as well as load forecast errors. The Forced Outage Rate of equipment and the normal distribution function to model load forecast errors are employed in the stochastic programming. Using the roulette wheel mechanism and Monte-Carlo analysis, possible scenarios of power system operating states are generated and a probability is assigned to each scenario. Scenario reduction is adopted as a tradeoff between computation time and solution accuracy. After scenario reduction, stochastic congestion management solution is extracted by aggregation of solutions obtained from feasible scenarios. Congestion management using the proposed stochastic framework provides a more realistic solution compared with the deterministic solution by a reasonable uncertainty cost. Results of testing the proposed stochastic congestion management on the 24-bus reliability test system indicate the efficiency of the proposed framework.
Sh. Gorgizadeh, A. Akbari Foroud, M. Amirahmadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2012)
Abstract
This paper proposes a method for determining the price bidding strategies of
market participants consisting of Generation Companies (GENCOs) and Distribution
Companies (DISCOs) in a day-ahead electricity market, while taking into consideration the
load forecast uncertainty and demand response programs. The proposed algorithm tries to
find a Pareto optimal point for a risk neutral participant in the market. Because of the
complexity of the problem a stochastic method is used. In the proposed method, two
approaches are used simultaneously. First approach is Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm for finding
the best bidding strategies of market players, and another one is Mont-Carlo Method that
models the uncertainty of load in price determining algorithm. It is demonstrated that with
considering transmission flow constraints in the problem, load uncertainty can considerably
influences the profits of companies and so using the second part of the proposed algorithm
will be useful in such situation. It is also illustrated when there are no transmission flow
constraints, the effect of load uncertainty can be modeled without using a stochastic model.
The algorithm is finally tested on an 8 bus system.
H. Rajabi Mashhadi, J. Khorasani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
Strategic bidding in joint energy and spinning reserve markets is a challenging task from the viewpoint of generation companies (GenCos). In this paper, the interaction between energy and spinning reserve markets is modeled considering a joint probability density function for the prices of these markets. Considering pay-as-bid pricing mechanism, the bidding problem is formulated and solved as a classic optimization problem. The results show that the contribution of a GenCo in each market strongly depends on its production cost and its level of risk-aversion. Furthermore, if reserve bid acceptance is considered subjected to winning in the energy market, it can affect the strategic bidding behavior.
H. Rajabi Mashhadi, H. Safari Farmad,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to present a new day-ahead energy acquisition model for a distribution company (Disco) in a competitive electricity market environment with Interruptible Load (IL). The work formulates the Disco energy acquisition model as a bi-level optimization problem with some of real issues, and then studies and designs a Genetic Algorithm (GA) of this optimization problem too. To achieve this goal, a novel two-step procedure is proposed. At the first step, a realistic model for an industrial interruptible load is introduced, and it is shown that Interruptible load model may affect the problem modeling and solving. At the second step, Disco energy acquisition program is formulated and solved with this realistic model. As a result, this paper shows energy acquisition programming model with ILs, by considering real assumptions. The introduced method shows a good performance of problem modeling and solving algorithm both in terms of solution quality and computational results. In addition, a case study is carried out considering a test system with some assumptions. Subsequently results show the general applicability of the proposed model with potential cost saving for the Disco
S. M. Sadr, H. Rajabi Mashhadi, M. Ebrahim Hajiabadi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (6-2016)
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach for evaluating impacts of price-sensitive loads on electricity price and market power. To accomplish this aim an analytical method along with agent-based computational economics are used. At first, Nash equilibrium is achieved by computational approach of Q-learning then based on the optimal bidding strategies of GenCos, which are figured out by Q-learning, ISO's social welfare maximization is restated considering demand side bidding. In this research, it was demonstrated that Locational Marginal Price (LMP) at each node of system can be decomposed into five components. The first constitutive part is a constant value for the respective bus, while the next two components are related to GenCos and the last two parts are associated to Load Serving Entities (LSEs). Market regulators can acquire valuable information from the proposed LMP decomposition. First, sensitivity of electricity price at each bus and Lerner index of GenCos to the bidding strategies and maximum pricesensitive demand of LSEs are revealed through weighting coefficients of the last two terms in the decomposed LMP. Moreover, the decomposition of LMP expresses contribution of LSEs to the electricity price. The simulation results on two test systems confirm the capability of the proposed approach.
A. R. Moradi, Y. Alinejad-Beromi, K. Kiani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (3-2017)
Abstract
Congestion and overloading for lines are the main problems in the exploitation of power grids. The consequences of these problems in deregulated systems can be mentioned as sudden jumps in prices in some parts of the power system, lead to an increase in market power and reduction of competition in it. FACTS devices are efficient, powerful and economical tools in controlling power flows through transmission lines that play a fundamental role in congestion management. However, after removing congestion, power systems due to targeting security restrictions may be managed with a lower voltage or transient stability rather than before removing. Thus, power system stability should be considered within the construction of congestion management. In this paper, a multi-objective structure is presented for congestion management that simultaneously optimizes goals such as total operating cost, voltage and transient security. In order to achieve the desired goals, locating and sizing of series FACTS devices are done with using components of nodal prices and the newly developed grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm, respectively. In order to evaluate reliability of mentioned approaches, a simulation is done on the 39-bus New England network.
S. A. Mozdawar, A. Akbari Foroud, M. Amirahmadi,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
This paper scrutinizes the impact of different renewable energy sources (RES) development policies on competitiveness within multiple electricity markets (MEMs). Also, the variation in market power indices by increasing the integration of the markets undergoing symmetric and asymmetric RES development policies is investigated. To do so, several stochastic mixed-integer non-linear programming objective functions are used in the agent-based simulation framework to model the power plants’ behavior and markets. The case study shows in the low RES penetrated markets, one can say the more integration level of the markets, the lower potential of exercising market power. The reciprocal judgment is true for a high RES penetrated market. Also, large asymmetry in RES development between markets within MEMs may bring about market power problem for a high RES penetrated market. Unlike the asymmetric RES development policies, adopting homogeneous policies in RES development within MEMs reduces the market power potential in all markets and this potential decreases with the increase in the integration of the markets.
T. Barforoushi, R. Heydari,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (6-2022)
Abstract
Curtailment of the production of wind resources due to uncertainty can affect the expansion of the transmission networks. The issue that needs to be addressed is how to expand the transmission network, which is accompanied by increasing wind energy utilization. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to solve the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem in the presence of wind farms, considering wind curtailment cost. The proposed model is a risk-constrained stochastic bi-level problem that, the difference between the expected social welfare and investment cost is maximized at the upper level where optimal decisions on expansion plans are adopted by the independent system operator (ISO). To make the best use of wind generation resources, a new term called wind power curtailment cost is added to the upper level. Also, the risk index is included in expansion decisions. The market-clearing is considered at the lower level, aiming at maximizing social welfare. Uncertainties relating to wind power and the forecasted demand are modeled by sets of scenarios. Using duality theory, the proposed framework is modeled as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The model is examined using the classical Garver’s six-bus test system and the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS). The results show that by considering the wind curtailment cost, the transmission network is expanded in a way that increases the wind energy utilization factor from 92.05% to 95.17%.